Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Self-Instructional Online Program for Early Childhood and Elementary Teachers Supporting Autistic Children and Children With Developmental Delays
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 70
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- (Knowledge) Autism Knowledge Questionnaire-2 (ASK-Q-2) Total Score
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness and acceptability of a self-instructional, web-based teacher training program designed to support the development of autistic children and children with developmental delays.
This study aims to examine whether participation in the program can improve teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and teaching self-efficacy related to inclusive education and support for autistic children and children with developmental delays.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does participation in the self-instructional program improve teachers' knowledge about autism and developmental delays?
- Does the program improve teachers' attitudes toward inclusive education and their teaching self-efficacy? Researchers will compare teachers who participate in the self-instructional online intervention program (SEED program) with teachers who receive comparison educational materials (Kit for Kids from Organization for Autism Research) to determine whether the intervention leads to greater improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and teaching self-efficacy.
Participants will:
- Complete an online pre-intervention survey assessing background information, knowledge, attitudes toward inclusion and neurodiversity, and teaching self-efficacy.
- Participate in a two-week self-instructional online program or receive comparison materials, depending on group assignment
- Complete an online post-intervention survey evaluating the same outcomes, as well as program satisfaction and acceptability.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Public school teachers currently employed in kindergarten or elementary schools who hold at least a Level 2 teaching certificate (or higher).
- •Teachers who understand the purpose of the study and provide informed consent to participate.
排除标准
- •Teachers who have majored in special education at the undergraduate or graduate level.
研究组 & 干预措施
SEED
Participants assigned to this arm will participate in the SEED self-instructional, web-based teacher training program designed to support autistic children and children with developmental delays.
干预措施: SEED Online Self-Instructional Program (Behavioral)
Kit for Kids
Participants in this arm will receive alternative educational materials (Kit for Kids) related to supporting autistic children and children with developmental delays during the study period. After comparison of post-intervention assessments, participants in this arm will be offered access to the SEED online program.
干预措施: Comparison Educational Materials (Kit for Kids) (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
(Knowledge) Autism Knowledge Questionnaire-2 (ASK-Q-2) Total Score
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention
The Autism Spectrum Knowledge Questionnaire (ASK-Q) is a 37-item questionnaire designed to assess knowledge and understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Each item is rated as "Agree" or "Disagree". Items are scored dichotomously (1 = correct response, 0 = incorrect response). Total scores are calculated by summing correct responses across all 37 items. Total scores range from 0 (lowest knowledge) to 37 (highest knowledge), with higher scores reflecting greater knowledge of autism spectrum disorder.
(Knowledge) Participatory Autism Knowledge Measure (PAK-M) Total Score
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention
The Participatory Autism Knowledge Measure (PAK-M) is a 56-item questionnaire designed to measure autism knowledge, neurodiversity-oriented beliefs, and perspectives informed by the lived experiences of autistic individuals. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating "Strongly disagree" and 7 indicating "Strongly agree". After reverse-scoring negatively worded items, total scores are calculated by summing responses across all 56 items. Total scores range from 56 to 392, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge and more accurate understanding of autism and neurodiversity.
(Knowledge) Survey for Educators' Empowerment for Diversity (SEED) Total Score
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention
The Survey for Educators' Empowerment for Diversity (SEED) is a 68-item instrument developed by the research team to measure changes in knowledge related to autism and developmental delay following participation in the program. The instrument is organized around 13 core topics addressed in the program, with 5 to 7 items per topic, yielding a total of 68 items. Each item uses a dichotomous true-or-false response format. Responses are scored as 1 for correct answers and 0 for incorrect answers. Total scores are calculated by summing correct responses across all items. Total scores range from 0 to 68, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge and understanding of autism and developmental delay.
(Attitude) Teacher Attitudes Toward Inclusion Scale (TATIS) Total Score
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention
The Teacher Attitudes Toward Inclusion Scale (TATIS) is a 14-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess teachers' overall attitudes toward inclusive education. The scale evaluates beliefs about the inclusion of students with disabilities, perceived effectiveness of inclusive practices, and teachers' personal willingness and commitment to implementing inclusive classroom practices. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating "Strongly disagree" and 7 indicating "Strongly agree". After reverse-scoring negatively worded items, total scores are calculated by summing responses across all 14 items. Total scores range from 14 to 98, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward inclusive education and stronger support for the inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms.
(Attitude) Neurodiversity Attitudes Questionnaire (NDAQ) Total Score
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention
The Neurodiversity Attitudes Questionnaire (NDAQ) is a 28-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess overall attitudes and perceptions toward neurodiversity. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating "Strongly disagree" and 5 indicating "Strongly agree." After reverse-scoring negatively worded items, total scores are calculated by summing responses across all 28 items. Total scores range from 28 to 140, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward neurodiversity and greater endorsement of neurodiversity-informed perspectives.
(Attitude) Sentiments, Attitudes, and Concerns about Inclusive Education - Revised (SACIE-R) Total Score
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention
The Sentiments, Attitudes, and Concerns about Inclusive Education - Revised (SACIE-R) is a 15-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess teachers' emotional reactions, attitudes, and concerns regarding inclusive education. The scale evaluates affective responses toward students with disabilities, acceptance of inclusive education, and concerns related to implementation challenges and perceived difficulties in inclusive classroom settings. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating "Strongly disagree" and 4 indicating "Strongly agree". After reverse-scoring negatively worded items, total scores are calculated by summing responses across all 15 items. Total scores range from 15 to 60, with higher scores indicating more positive sentiments and attitudes toward inclusive education and fewer concerns about inclusion.
(Teaching Self-Efficacy) Teachers' Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) Total Score
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention
The Teachers' Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) scale is a 14-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess teachers' self-efficacy beliefs regarding their ability to implement inclusive education practices. The scale evaluates three domains: inclusive instructional strategies, behavior management, and collaboration and support. Each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating "Strongly disagree" and 6 indicating "Strongly agree". Total scores are calculated by summing responses across all 14 items. Total scores range from 14 to 84, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy for implementing inclusive educational practices.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Boin Choi
Assistant Professor
Ewha Womans University