Clostridium Difficile Virulence Mechanism Study by Collecting Stool Samples From Clostridium Difficile Infection Patients (CDVM Study)

This is an observational study to collect stool samples from patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), aims to (1) to investigate the virulence mechanisms of C. difficile ribotype 002, by analysing its growth, cytotoxicity, and metabolite production in vitro and in vivo. The investigators also aim (2) to compare these virulence mechanisms with other common ribotypes in Asia, and (3) to correlate these with important clinical outcomes. The results of this study will have a major significance to the medical and scientific community. The results of this study will have a major significance to the medical and scientific community. The mechanistic data will point to important molecular pathways that can be targeted for novel therapies; whereas the phenotypic data will inform the investigators of its virulence and therefore will be useful for disease surveillance and public health interventions. The identified toxin(s) and metabolite(s) may be useful as prognostic biomarkers to stratify patients with different outcomes, as patients with a worse outcome may require more aggressive therapy. Given the prevalence and severity of this ribotype, the results will be useful for gastroenterologists, microbiologists, infectious diseases physicians and public health specialists in the Asia Pacific region.