Cefdinir
生产企业：Aurobindo pharma ltd, Lupin ltd，另有 4 家
Cefdinir is a third generation cephalosporin used to treat susceptible Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial infections.
Cefdinir is a third generation cephalosporin used to treat susceptible Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial infections.
Five-member thiazolidine rings that make up penicillins are replaced in cephalosporins by a six-member dihydrothiazine ring, conferring greater bactericidal activity. This This 6-member ring enables cefdinir and other cephalosporins to resist inactivation by certain bacterial enzymes. With a mechanism similar to other beta-lactam antibiotics, the bactericidal activity of cefdinir is caused by the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Cefdinir, like other cephalosporins, penetrates the bacterial cell wall, combats inactivation by beta-lactamase enzymes, and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins. This interferes with the final step of transpeptidation in cell walls, eventually leading to cell lysis, which eventually leads to the death of bacteria that are susceptible to this drug. Cefdinir has shown affinity to penicillin protein binding proteins 2 and 3. It has also been shown to inhibit transpeptidase enzymes of various bacteria, which may play a role in its bactericidal action. One in vitro study suggests that cefdinir inhibits myeloperoxidase release extracellularly. The impact of this potential drug target in relation to its mechanism of action is unknown.
Cefdinir is indicated to treat acute bacterial otitis media, acute maxillary sinusitis, community-acquired (CA) pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in children and adults. The organisms susceptible to cefdinir have been listed below in addition to their associated clinical condition that may be treated with cefdinir. Various beta-lactamase producing organisms may be treated, as indicated in certain sections below. Respiratory Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible only), and Moraxella catarrhalis Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible only), and Moraxella catarrhalis Ear, nose, and throat Acute bacterial otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible only) Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes Pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes Acute maxillary sinusitis caused by Haemophilus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible only), and Moraxella catarrhalis Skin and skin structure infections Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
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