氯沙坦 (Hyzaar, Cozaar)

概览

Losartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker used to treat hypertension and diabetic nephropathy, and is used to reduce the risk of stroke.

作用机制

Losartan reversibly and competitively prevents angiotensin II binding to the AT receptor in tissues like vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland. Losartan and its active metabolite bind the AT receptor with 1000 times more affinity than they bind to the AT receptor. The active metabolite of losartan is 10-40 times more potent by weight than unmetabolized losartan as an inhibitor of AT and is a non-competitive inhibitor. Losartan's prevention of angiotensin II binding causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation, lowering blood pressure. Angiotensin II would otherwise bind to the AT receptor and induce vasoconstriction, raising blood pressure.

适应症

Losartan is indicated to treat hypertension in patients older than 6 years, reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (though this benefit may not extend to patients with African heritage), and to treat diabetic nephropathy with elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Losartan with hydrochlorothiazide is indicated to treat hypertension and to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (though this benefit may not extend to patients with African heritage).

• Diabetic Nephropathy
• Ventricular Dysfunction
• Hypertension
• Marfan Syndrome
• Ischemic Stroke