- Approval Id
- 3ecb98e7d1a45802
- Drug Approval Emc Name
- Humalog 200 Units/ml KwikPen, solution for injection in pre-filled pen
- Drug Name
- Humalog 200 Units/ml KwikPen, solution for injection in pre-filled pen
- Company Address
- Lilly House, Basing View, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 4FA
- Company Website
- https://www.lilly.com/uk/
- Company Telephone
- +44 (0)1256 315 000
- Company Medical Info Email
- ukmedinfo@lilly.com
- Atc Code
- A10AB04
- Legal Category
- Prescription only medicine
- Authorisation Holder
- Eli Lilly Nederland B.V., Papendorpseweg 83, 3528 BJ Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Authorisation Number
- PLGB 14895/0248
- Authorisation Date
- Date of first authorisation: 30th April 1996
Date of last renewal: 30th April 2006
- Instruction Authorisation Holder
- Eli Lilly Nederland B.V., Papendorpseweg 83, 3528 BJ Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Instruction Authorisation Number
- PLGB 14895/0248
- Instruction Authorisation Date
- Date of first authorisation: 30th April 1996
Date of last renewal: 30th April 2006
- Instruction Composition
- Each ml contains 200 units insulin lispro\\* (equivalent to 6.9 mg).
Each pre-filled pen contains 600 units of insulin lispro in 3 ml solution.
Each KwikPen delivers 1-60 units in steps of 1 unit.
\\* produced in \*E.coli\* by recombinant DNA technology.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
- Instruction Dosage Form
- Solution for injection.
Clear, colourless, aqueous solution.
- Instruction Clinical Particulars
- 4.1 Therapeutic indications
For the treatment of adults with diabetes mellitus who require insulin for the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen is also indicated for the initial stabilisation of diabetes mellitus.4.2 Posology and method of administration
\*\*Posology\*\*
The dosage should be determined by the physician, according to the requirement of the patient.
Humalog may be given shortly before meals. When necessary Humalog can be given soon after meals.
Humalog takes effect rapidly and has a shorter duration of activity (2 to 5 hours) given subcutaneously as compared with soluble insulin. This rapid onset of activity allows a Humalog injection to be given very close to mealtime. The time course of action of any insulin may vary considerably in different individuals or at different times in the same individual. The faster onset of action compared to soluble human insulin is maintained regardless of injection site. The duration of action of Humalog is dependent on dose, site of injection, blood supply, temperature, and physical activity.
Humalog can be used in conjunction with a longer-acting insulin or oral sulphonylurea medicinal products, on the advice of a physician.
\*\*\*Humalog KwikPens\*\*\*
Humalog KwikPen is available in two strengths.The Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen (and Humalog 100 units/ml KwikPen, \*see separate SmPC\*) delivers 1 – 60 units in steps of 1 unit in a single injection. \*\*The number of insulin units is shown in the dose window of the pen regardless of strength\*\* and \*\*no\*\* dose conversion should be done when transferring a patient to a new strength or to a pen with a different dose step.
Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen should be reserved for the treatment of patients with diabetes requiring daily doses of more than 20 units of rapid-acting insulin. The insulin lispro solution containing 200 units/ml should not be withdrawn from the pre-filled pen (the KwikPen) or mixed with any other insulin (see section 4.4 and section 6.2).
\*\*\*Special populations\*\*\*
Renal impairment
Insulin requirements may be reduced in the presence of renal impairment.
Hepatic impairment
Insulin requirements may be reduced in patients with hepatic impairment due to reduced capacity for gluconeogenesis and reduced insulin breakdown; however, in patients with chronic hepatic impairment, an increase in insulin resistance may lead to increased insulin requirements.
\*\*Method of administration\*\*
Humalog solution for injection should be given subcutaneously.
Subcutaneous administration should be in the upper arms, thighs, buttocks, or abdomen. Use of injection sites should be rotated so that the same site is not used more than approximately once a month, in order to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis (see section 4.4 and 4.8).
When administered subcutaneously care should be taken when injecting Humalog to ensure that a blood vessel has not been entered. After injection, the site of injection should not be massaged. Patients must be educated to use the proper injection techniques.
Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen solution for injection should not be used in an insulin infusion pump.
Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen solution for injection should not be used intravenously.4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
Hypoglycaemia.4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
\*\*Traceability\*\*
In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded.
\*\*Transferring a patient to another type or brand of insulin\*\*
Transferring a patient to another type or brand of insulin should be done under strict medical supervision. Changes in strength, brand (manufacturer), type (regular/soluble, NPH/isophane, etc.), species (animal, human, human insulin analogue), and/or method of manufacture (recombinant DNA \*versus\* animal-source insulin) may result in the need for a change in dosage. For fast-acting insulins, any patient also on basal insulin must optimise dosage of both insulins to obtain glucose control across the whole day, particularly nocturnal/fasting glucose control.
\*\*Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia\*\*
Conditions which may make the early warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia different or less pronounced include long duration of diabetes, intensified insulin therapy, diabetic nerve disease or medicinal products such as beta-blockers.
A few patients who have experienced hypoglycaemic reactions after transfer from animal-source insulin to human insulin have reported that the early warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia were less pronounced or different from those experienced with their previous insulin. Uncorrected hypoglycaemic or hyperglycaemic reactions can cause loss of consciousness, coma, or death.
The use of dosages which are inadequate or discontinuation of treatment, especially in insulin-dependent diabetics, may lead to hyperglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis; conditions which are potentially lethal.
\*\*Injection technique\*\*
Patients must be instructed to perform continuous rotation of the injection site to reduce the risk of developing lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis. There is a potential risk of delayed insulin absorption and worsened glycaemic control following insulin injections at sites with these reactions. A sudden change in the injection site to an unaffected area has been reported to result in hypoglycaemia. Blood glucose monitoring is recommended after the change in the injection site, and dose adjustment of antidiabetic medications may be considered.
\*\*Insulin requirements and dosage adjustment\*\*
Insulin requirements may be increased during illness or emotional disturbances.
Adjustment of dosage may also be necessary if patients undertake increased physical activity or change their usual diet. Exercise taken immediately after a meal may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia. A consequence of the pharmacodynamics of rapid-acting insulin analogues is that if hypoglycaemia occurs, it may occur earlier after an injection when compared with soluble human insulin.
\*\*Combination of Humalog with pioglitazone\*\*
Cases of cardiac failure have been reported when pioglitazone was used in combination with insulin, especially in patients with risk factors for development of cardiac heart failure. This should be kept in mind, if treatment with the combination of pioglitazone and Humalog is considered. If the combination is used, patients should be observed for signs and symptoms of heart failure, weight gain and oedema. Pioglitazone should be discontinued, if any deterioration in cardiac symptoms occurs.
\*\*Avoidance of medication errors when using insulin lispro (200 units/ml) in pre-filled pen:\*\*
The insulin lispro solution for injection containing 200 units/ml must not be transferred from the pre-filled pen, the KwikPen, to a syringe. The markings on the insulin syringe will not measure the dose correctly. Overdose can result causing severe hypoglycemia. The insulin lispro solution for injection containing 200 units/ml must not be transferred from the KwikPen to any other insulin delivery device, including insulin infusion pumps.
Patients must be instructed to always check the insulin label before each injection to avoid accidental mix-ups between the two different strengths of Humalog as well as other insulin products.
Patients must visually verify the dialled units on the dose counter of the pen. Therefore, the requirement for patients to self-inject is that they can read the dose counter on the pen. Patients who are blind or have poor vision must be instructed to always get help/assistance from another person who has good vision and is trained in using the insulin device.
\*\*Excipients\*\*
This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose, i.e., essentially “sodium-free”.4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Insulin requirements may be increased by medicinal products with hyperglycaemic activity, such as oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, or thyroid replacement therapy, danazol, beta2 stimulants (such as ritodrine, salbutamol, terbutaline).
Insulin requirements may be reduced in the presence of medicinal products with hypoglycaemic activity, such as oral hypoglycemics, salicylates (for example, acetylsalicylic acid), sulpha antibiotics, certain antidepressants (monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), certain angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril, enalapril), angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers, octreotide or alcohol.
The physician should be consulted when using other medicinal products in addition to Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen (see section 4.4).4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
\*\*Pregnancy\*\*
Data on a large number of exposed pregnancies do not indicate any adverse effect of insulin lispro on pregnancy or on the health of the foetus/newborn.
It is essential to maintain good control of the insulin-treated (insulin-dependent or gestational diabetes) patient throughout pregnancy. Insulin requirements usually fall during the first trimester and increase during the second and third trimesters. Patients with diabetes should be advised to inform their doctor if they are pregnant or are contemplating pregnancy. Careful monitoring of glucose control, as well as general health, is essential in pregnant patients with diabetes.
\*\*Breast-feeding\*\*
Patients with diabetes who are breast-feeding may require adjustments in insulin dose, diet or both.
\*\*Fertility\*\*
Insulin lispro did not induce fertility impairment in animal studies (see section 5.3).4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
The patient's ability to concentrate and react may be impaired as a result of hypoglycaemia. This may constitute a risk in situations where these abilities are of special importance (e.g. driving a car or using machines).
Patients should be advised to take precautions to avoid hypoglycaemia whilst driving. This is particularly important in those who have reduced or absent awareness of the warning signs of hypoglycaemia or have frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia. The advisability of driving should be considered in these circumstances.4.8 Undesirable effects
\*\*Summary of safety profile\*\*
Hypoglycaemia is the most frequent adverse reaction of insulin lispro therapy that a patient with diabetes may suffer. Severe hypoglycaemia may lead to loss of consciousness, and in extreme cases, death. No specific frequency for hypoglycaemia is presented, since hypoglycaemia is a result of both the insulin dose and other factors e.g. a patient`s level of diet and exercise.
\*\*Tabulated list of adverse reactions\*\*
The following related adverse reactions from clinical trials are listed below as MedDRA preferred term by system organ class and in order of decreasing incidence (very common: ≥ 1/10; common: ≥ 1/100 to < 1/10; uncommon: ≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100; rare: ≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000; very rare: < 1/10,000); not known (cannot be estimated form the available data).
Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
| | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| \*\*MedDRA system organ classes\*\* | \*\*Very common\*\* | \*\*Common\*\* | \*\*Uncommon\*\* | \*\*Rare\*\* | \*\*Very rare\*\* | \*\*Not known\*\* |
| \*\*Immune system disorders\*\* | | | | | | |
| Local allergy | | X | | | | |
| Systemic allergy | | | | X | | |
| \*\*Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders\*\* | | | | | | |
| Lipodystrophy | | | X | | | |
| Cutaneous amyloidosis | | | | | | X |
\*\*Description of selected adverse reactions\*\*
\*\*\*Local allergy\*\*\*
Local allergy in patients is common). Redness, swelling, and itching can occur at the site of insulin injection. This condition usually resolves in a few days to a few weeks. In some instances, this condition may be related to factors other than insulin, such as irritants in the skin cleansing agent or poor injection technique.
\*\*\*Systemic allergy\*\*\*
Systemic allergy, which is rare but potentially more serious, is a generalised allergy to insulin. It may cause a rash over the whole body, shortness of breath, wheezing, reduction in blood pressure, fast pulse, or sweating. Severe cases of generalised allergy may be life-threatening.
\*\*\*Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders\*\*\*
Lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis may occur at the injection site and delay local insulin absorption. Continuous rotation of the injection site within the given injection area may help to reduce or prevent these reactions (see section 4.4).
\*\*\*Oedema\*\*\*
Cases of oedema have been reported with insulin therapy, particularly if previous poor metabolic control is improved by intensified insulin therapy.
\*\*Reporting of suspected adverse reactions\*\*
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via \*\*the\*\* Yellow Card Scheme, website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.4.9 Overdose
Insulins have no specific overdose definitions because serum glucose concentrations are a result of complex interactions between insulin levels, glucose availability and other metabolic processes. Hypoglycaemia may occur as a result of an excess of insulin activity relative to food intake and energy expenditure.
Hypoglycaemia may be associated with listlessness, confusion, palpitations, headache, sweating and vomiting.
Mild hypoglycaemic episodes will respond to oral administration of glucose or other sugar or saccharated products.
Correction of moderately severe hypoglycaemia can be accomplished by intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of glucagon, followed by oral carbohydrate when the patient recovers sufficiently. Patients who fail to respond to glucagon must be given glucose solution intravenously.
If the patient is comatose, glucagon should be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. However, glucose solution must be given intravenously if glucagon is not available or if the patient fails to respond to glucagon. The patient should be given a meal as soon as consciousness is recovered.
Sustained carbohydrate intake and observation may be necessary because hypoglycaemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery.
- Instruction Pharmacology
- 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group : Drugs used in diabetes, insulins and analogues for injection, fast-acting, ATC code: A10AB04
The primary activity of insulin lispro is the regulation of glucose metabolism.
In addition, insulins have several anabolic and anti-catabolic actions on a variety of different tissues. Within muscle tissue this includes increasing glycogen, fatty acid, glycerol and protein synthesis and amino acid uptake, while decreasing glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, lipolysis, protein catabolism and amino acid output.
Insulin lispro has a rapid onset of action (approximately 15 minutes), thus allowing it to be given closer to a meal (within zero to 15 minutes of the meal) when compared to soluble insulin (30 to 45 minutes before). Insulin lispro takes effect rapidly and has a shorter duration of activity (2 to 5 hours) when compared to soluble insulin.
Clinical trials in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes have demonstrated reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia with insulin lispro compared to soluble human insulin.
The time course of insulin lispro action may vary in different individuals or at different times in the same individual and is dependent on dose, site of injection, blood supply, temperature and physical activity. The typical activity profile following subcutaneous injection is illustrated below.
\*\*Figure 1:\*\*
The above representation (figure 1) reflects the relative amount of glucose over time required to maintain the subject's whole blood glucose concentrations near fasting levels and is an indicator of the effect of these insulins (100 units/ml) on glucose metabolism over time.
The pharmacodynamic responses of insulin lispro 200 units/ml solution for injection were similar to those for insulin lispro 100 units/ml solution for injection after subcutaneous administration of a single 20 unit dose in healthy subjects as shown in the graph below (figure 2).
\*\*Figure 2:\*\* Arithmetic mean glucose infusion rate versus time profiles following subcutaneous administration of 20 units of insulin lispro 200 units/ml or insulin lispro 100 units/ml
In patients with type 2 diabetes on maximum doses of sulphonyl urea agents, studies have shown that the addition of insulin lispro significantly reduces HbA1c compared to sulphonyl urea alone. The reduction of HbA1c would also be expected with other insulin products e.g. soluble or isophane insulins.
Clinical trials in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes have demonstrated a reduced number of episodes of nocturnal hypoglycaemia with insulin lispro compared to soluble human insulin. In some studies, reduction of nocturnal hypoglycaemia was associated with increased episodes of daytime hypoglycaemia.
The glucodynamic response to insulin lispro is not affected by renal or hepatic function impairment. Glucodynamic differences between insulin lispro and soluble human insulin, as measured during a glucose clamp procedure, were maintained over a wide range of renal function.
Insulin lispro has been shown to be equipotent to human insulin on a molar basis but its effect is more rapid and of a shorter duration.5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
The pharmacokinetics of insulin lispro reflect a compound that is rapidly absorbed, and achieves peak blood levels 30 to 70 minutes following subcutaneous injection. When considering the clinical relevance of these kinetics, it is more appropriate to examine the glucose utilisation curves (as discussed in 5.1).
Insulin lispro maintains more rapid absorption when compared to soluble human insulin in patients with renal impairment. In patients with type 2 diabetes over a wide range of renal function the pharmacokinetic differences between insulin lispro and soluble human insulin were generally maintained and shown to be independent of renal function. Insulin lispro maintains more rapid absorption and elimination when compared to soluble human insulin in patients with hepatic impairment.
Insulin lispro 200 units/ml solution for injection was bioequivalent to insulin lispro 100 units/ml solution for injection after subcutaneous administration of a single 20 unit dose in healthy subjects. Time to maximum concentration was also similar between formulations.5.3 Preclinical safety data
In \*in vitro\* tests, including binding to insulin receptor sites and effects on growing cells, insulin lispro behaved in a manner that closely resembled human insulin. Studies also demonstrate that the dissociation of binding to the insulin receptor of insulin lispro is equivalent to human insulin. Acute, one month and twelve month toxicology studies produced no significant toxicity findings.
Insulin lispro did not induce fertility impairment, embryotoxicity or teratogenicity in animal studies.
- Instruction Pharmaceutical Particulars
- 6.1 List of excipients
\*m\*-Cresol
Glycerol
Trometamol
Zinc oxide
Water for injections
Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide may be used to adjust pH.6.2 Incompatibilities
This medicinal product should not be mixed with any other insulin or any other medicinal product. The solution for injection should not be diluted.6.3 Shelf life
\*\*Before use\*\*
3 years.
\*\*After first use\*\*
28 days.6.4 Special precautions for storage
Do not freeze. Do not expose to excessive heat or direct sunlight.
\*\*Before use\*\*
Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C).
\*\*After first use\*\*
Store below 30°C. Do not refrigerate. The pre-filled pen should not be stored with the needle attached.6.5 Nature and contents of container
Type I glass cartridges, sealed with halobutyl disc seals and plunger heads and secured with aluminium seals. Dimeticone or silicone emulsion may be used to treat the cartridge plunger, and/or the glass cartridge. The 3 ml cartridges which contain 600 units insulin lispro (200 units/ml), are sealed in a disposable pen injector, called the “KwikPen”. Needles are not included.
1 pre-filled pen of 3 ml
2 pre-filled pens of 3 ml
5 pre-filled pens of 3 ml
Multipacks containing 10 (2 packs of 5) pre-filled pens of 3 ml
Not all packs may be marketed.6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
\*\*Instructions for use and handling\*\*
To prevent the possible transmission of disease, each pen must be used by one patient only, even if the needle is changed. The patient should discard the needle after every injection.
The Humalog solution should be clear and colourless. Humalog should not be used if it appears cloudy, thickened, or slightly coloured or if solid particles are visible.
\*\*Handling of the pre-filled pen\*\*
Before using the KwikPen the user manual included in the package leaflet must be read carefully. The KwikPen has to be used as recommended in the user manual.
Pens should not be used if any part looks broken or damaged.
Any unused product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
- Instruction Content
- ## Composition
Each ml contains 200 units insulin lispro\\* (equivalent to 6.9 mg).
Each pre-filled pen contains 600 units of insulin lispro in 3 ml solution.
Each KwikPen delivers 1-60 units in steps of 1 unit.
\\* produced in \*E.coli\* by recombinant DNA technology.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
## Pharmaceutical Form
Solution for injection.
Clear, colourless, aqueous solution.
## Clinical Particulars
4.1 Therapeutic indications
For the treatment of adults with diabetes mellitus who require insulin for the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen is also indicated for the initial stabilisation of diabetes mellitus.4.2 Posology and method of administration
\*\*Posology\*\*
The dosage should be determined by the physician, according to the requirement of the patient.
Humalog may be given shortly before meals. When necessary Humalog can be given soon after meals.
Humalog takes effect rapidly and has a shorter duration of activity (2 to 5 hours) given subcutaneously as compared with soluble insulin. This rapid onset of activity allows a Humalog injection to be given very close to mealtime. The time course of action of any insulin may vary considerably in different individuals or at different times in the same individual. The faster onset of action compared to soluble human insulin is maintained regardless of injection site. The duration of action of Humalog is dependent on dose, site of injection, blood supply, temperature, and physical activity.
Humalog can be used in conjunction with a longer-acting insulin or oral sulphonylurea medicinal products, on the advice of a physician.
\*\*\*Humalog KwikPens\*\*\*
Humalog KwikPen is available in two strengths.The Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen (and Humalog 100 units/ml KwikPen, \*see separate SmPC\*) delivers 1 – 60 units in steps of 1 unit in a single injection. \*\*The number of insulin units is shown in the dose window of the pen regardless of strength\*\* and \*\*no\*\* dose conversion should be done when transferring a patient to a new strength or to a pen with a different dose step.
Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen should be reserved for the treatment of patients with diabetes requiring daily doses of more than 20 units of rapid-acting insulin. The insulin lispro solution containing 200 units/ml should not be withdrawn from the pre-filled pen (the KwikPen) or mixed with any other insulin (see section 4.4 and section 6.2).
\*\*\*Special populations\*\*\*
Renal impairment
Insulin requirements may be reduced in the presence of renal impairment.
Hepatic impairment
Insulin requirements may be reduced in patients with hepatic impairment due to reduced capacity for gluconeogenesis and reduced insulin breakdown; however, in patients with chronic hepatic impairment, an increase in insulin resistance may lead to increased insulin requirements.
\*\*Method of administration\*\*
Humalog solution for injection should be given subcutaneously.
Subcutaneous administration should be in the upper arms, thighs, buttocks, or abdomen. Use of injection sites should be rotated so that the same site is not used more than approximately once a month, in order to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis (see section 4.4 and 4.8).
When administered subcutaneously care should be taken when injecting Humalog to ensure that a blood vessel has not been entered. After injection, the site of injection should not be massaged. Patients must be educated to use the proper injection techniques.
Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen solution for injection should not be used in an insulin infusion pump.
Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen solution for injection should not be used intravenously.4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
Hypoglycaemia.4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
\*\*Traceability\*\*
In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded.
\*\*Transferring a patient to another type or brand of insulin\*\*
Transferring a patient to another type or brand of insulin should be done under strict medical supervision. Changes in strength, brand (manufacturer), type (regular/soluble, NPH/isophane, etc.), species (animal, human, human insulin analogue), and/or method of manufacture (recombinant DNA \*versus\* animal-source insulin) may result in the need for a change in dosage. For fast-acting insulins, any patient also on basal insulin must optimise dosage of both insulins to obtain glucose control across the whole day, particularly nocturnal/fasting glucose control.
\*\*Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia\*\*
Conditions which may make the early warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia different or less pronounced include long duration of diabetes, intensified insulin therapy, diabetic nerve disease or medicinal products such as beta-blockers.
A few patients who have experienced hypoglycaemic reactions after transfer from animal-source insulin to human insulin have reported that the early warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia were less pronounced or different from those experienced with their previous insulin. Uncorrected hypoglycaemic or hyperglycaemic reactions can cause loss of consciousness, coma, or death.
The use of dosages which are inadequate or discontinuation of treatment, especially in insulin-dependent diabetics, may lead to hyperglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis; conditions which are potentially lethal.
\*\*Injection technique\*\*
Patients must be instructed to perform continuous rotation of the injection site to reduce the risk of developing lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis. There is a potential risk of delayed insulin absorption and worsened glycaemic control following insulin injections at sites with these reactions. A sudden change in the injection site to an unaffected area has been reported to result in hypoglycaemia. Blood glucose monitoring is recommended after the change in the injection site, and dose adjustment of antidiabetic medications may be considered.
\*\*Insulin requirements and dosage adjustment\*\*
Insulin requirements may be increased during illness or emotional disturbances.
Adjustment of dosage may also be necessary if patients undertake increased physical activity or change their usual diet. Exercise taken immediately after a meal may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia. A consequence of the pharmacodynamics of rapid-acting insulin analogues is that if hypoglycaemia occurs, it may occur earlier after an injection when compared with soluble human insulin.
\*\*Combination of Humalog with pioglitazone\*\*
Cases of cardiac failure have been reported when pioglitazone was used in combination with insulin, especially in patients with risk factors for development of cardiac heart failure. This should be kept in mind, if treatment with the combination of pioglitazone and Humalog is considered. If the combination is used, patients should be observed for signs and symptoms of heart failure, weight gain and oedema. Pioglitazone should be discontinued, if any deterioration in cardiac symptoms occurs.
\*\*Avoidance of medication errors when using insulin lispro (200 units/ml) in pre-filled pen:\*\*
The insulin lispro solution for injection containing 200 units/ml must not be transferred from the pre-filled pen, the KwikPen, to a syringe. The markings on the insulin syringe will not measure the dose correctly. Overdose can result causing severe hypoglycemia. The insulin lispro solution for injection containing 200 units/ml must not be transferred from the KwikPen to any other insulin delivery device, including insulin infusion pumps.
Patients must be instructed to always check the insulin label before each injection to avoid accidental mix-ups between the two different strengths of Humalog as well as other insulin products.
Patients must visually verify the dialled units on the dose counter of the pen. Therefore, the requirement for patients to self-inject is that they can read the dose counter on the pen. Patients who are blind or have poor vision must be instructed to always get help/assistance from another person who has good vision and is trained in using the insulin device.
\*\*Excipients\*\*
This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose, i.e., essentially “sodium-free”.4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Insulin requirements may be increased by medicinal products with hyperglycaemic activity, such as oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, or thyroid replacement therapy, danazol, beta2 stimulants (such as ritodrine, salbutamol, terbutaline).
Insulin requirements may be reduced in the presence of medicinal products with hypoglycaemic activity, such as oral hypoglycemics, salicylates (for example, acetylsalicylic acid), sulpha antibiotics, certain antidepressants (monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), certain angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril, enalapril), angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers, octreotide or alcohol.
The physician should be consulted when using other medicinal products in addition to Humalog 200 units/ml KwikPen (see section 4.4).4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
\*\*Pregnancy\*\*
Data on a large number of exposed pregnancies do not indicate any adverse effect of insulin lispro on pregnancy or on the health of the foetus/newborn.
It is essential to maintain good control of the insulin-treated (insulin-dependent or gestational diabetes) patient throughout pregnancy. Insulin requirements usually fall during the first trimester and increase during the second and third trimesters. Patients with diabetes should be advised to inform their doctor if they are pregnant or are contemplating pregnancy. Careful monitoring of glucose control, as well as general health, is essential in pregnant patients with diabetes.
\*\*Breast-feeding\*\*
Patients with diabetes who are breast-feeding may require adjustments in insulin dose, diet or both.
\*\*Fertility\*\*
Insulin lispro did not induce fertility impairment in animal studies (see section 5.3).4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
The patient's ability to concentrate and react may be impaired as a result of hypoglycaemia. This may constitute a risk in situations where these abilities are of special importance (e.g. driving a car or using machines).
Patients should be advised to take precautions to avoid hypoglycaemia whilst driving. This is particularly important in those who have reduced or absent awareness of the warning signs of hypoglycaemia or have frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia. The advisability of driving should be considered in these circumstances.4.8 Undesirable effects
\*\*Summary of safety profile\*\*
Hypoglycaemia is the most frequent adverse reaction of insulin lispro therapy that a patient with diabetes may suffer. Severe hypoglycaemia may lead to loss of consciousness, and in extreme cases, death. No specific frequency for hypoglycaemia is presented, since hypoglycaemia is a result of both the insulin dose and other factors e.g. a patient`s level of diet and exercise.
\*\*Tabulated list of adverse reactions\*\*
The following related adverse reactions from clinical trials are listed below as MedDRA preferred term by system organ class and in order of decreasing incidence (very common: ≥ 1/10; common: ≥ 1/100 to < 1/10; uncommon: ≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100; rare: ≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000; very rare: < 1/10,000); not known (cannot be estimated form the available data).
Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
| | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| \*\*MedDRA system organ classes\*\* | \*\*Very common\*\* | \*\*Common\*\* | \*\*Uncommon\*\* | \*\*Rare\*\* | \*\*Very rare\*\* | \*\*Not known\*\* |
| \*\*Immune system disorders\*\* | | | | | | |
| Local allergy | | X | | | | |
| Systemic allergy | | | | X | | |
| \*\*Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders\*\* | | | | | | |
| Lipodystrophy | | | X | | | |
| Cutaneous amyloidosis | | | | | | X |
\*\*Description of selected adverse reactions\*\*
\*\*\*Local allergy\*\*\*
Local allergy in patients is common). Redness, swelling, and itching can occur at the site of insulin injection. This condition usually resolves in a few days to a few weeks. In some instances, this condition may be related to factors other than insulin, such as irritants in the skin cleansing agent or poor injection technique.
\*\*\*Systemic allergy\*\*\*
Systemic allergy, which is rare but potentially more serious, is a generalised allergy to insulin. It may cause a rash over the whole body, shortness of breath, wheezing, reduction in blood pressure, fast pulse, or sweating. Severe cases of generalised allergy may be life-threatening.
\*\*\*Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders\*\*\*
Lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis may occur at the injection site and delay local insulin absorption. Continuous rotation of the injection site within the given injection area may help to reduce or prevent these reactions (see section 4.4).
\*\*\*Oedema\*\*\*
Cases of oedema have been reported with insulin therapy, particularly if previous poor metabolic control is improved by intensified insulin therapy.
\*\*Reporting of suspected adverse reactions\*\*
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via \*\*the\*\* Yellow Card Scheme, website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.4.9 Overdose
Insulins have no specific overdose definitions because serum glucose concentrations are a result of complex interactions between insulin levels, glucose availability and other metabolic processes. Hypoglycaemia may occur as a result of an excess of insulin activity relative to food intake and energy expenditure.
Hypoglycaemia may be associated with listlessness, confusion, palpitations, headache, sweating and vomiting.
Mild hypoglycaemic episodes will respond to oral administration of glucose or other sugar or saccharated products.
Correction of moderately severe hypoglycaemia can be accomplished by intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of glucagon, followed by oral carbohydrate when the patient recovers sufficiently. Patients who fail to respond to glucagon must be given glucose solution intravenously.
If the patient is comatose, glucagon should be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. However, glucose solution must be given intravenously if glucagon is not available or if the patient fails to respond to glucagon. The patient should be given a meal as soon as consciousness is recovered.
Sustained carbohydrate intake and observation may be necessary because hypoglycaemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery.
## Pharmacological Properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group : Drugs used in diabetes, insulins and analogues for injection, fast-acting, ATC code: A10AB04
The primary activity of insulin lispro is the regulation of glucose metabolism.
In addition, insulins have several anabolic and anti-catabolic actions on a variety of different tissues. Within muscle tissue this includes increasing glycogen, fatty acid, glycerol and protein synthesis and amino acid uptake, while decreasing glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, lipolysis, protein catabolism and amino acid output.
Insulin lispro has a rapid onset of action (approximately 15 minutes), thus allowing it to be given closer to a meal (within zero to 15 minutes of the meal) when compared to soluble insulin (30 to 45 minutes before). Insulin lispro takes effect rapidly and has a shorter duration of activity (2 to 5 hours) when compared to soluble insulin.
Clinical trials in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes have demonstrated reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia with insulin lispro compared to soluble human insulin.
The time course of insulin lispro action may vary in different individuals or at different times in the same individual and is dependent on dose, site of injection, blood supply, temperature and physical activity. The typical activity profile following subcutaneous injection is illustrated below.
\*\*Figure 1:\*\*
The above representation (figure 1) reflects the relative amount of glucose over time required to maintain the subject's whole blood glucose concentrations near fasting levels and is an indicator of the effect of these insulins (100 units/ml) on glucose metabolism over time.
The pharmacodynamic responses of insulin lispro 200 units/ml solution for injection were similar to those for insulin lispro 100 units/ml solution for injection after subcutaneous administration of a single 20 unit dose in healthy subjects as shown in the graph below (figure 2).
\*\*Figure 2:\*\* Arithmetic mean glucose infusion rate versus time profiles following subcutaneous administration of 20 units of insulin lispro 200 units/ml or insulin lispro 100 units/ml
In patients with type 2 diabetes on maximum doses of sulphonyl urea agents, studies have shown that the addition of insulin lispro significantly reduces HbA1c compared to sulphonyl urea alone. The reduction of HbA1c would also be expected with other insulin products e.g. soluble or isophane insulins.
Clinical trials in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes have demonstrated a reduced number of episodes of nocturnal hypoglycaemia with insulin lispro compared to soluble human insulin. In some studies, reduction of nocturnal hypoglycaemia was associated with increased episodes of daytime hypoglycaemia.
The glucodynamic response to insulin lispro is not affected by renal or hepatic function impairment. Glucodynamic differences between insulin lispro and soluble human insulin, as measured during a glucose clamp procedure, were maintained over a wide range of renal function.
Insulin lispro has been shown to be equipotent to human insulin on a molar basis but its effect is more rapid and of a shorter duration.5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
The pharmacokinetics of insulin lispro reflect a compound that is rapidly absorbed, and achieves peak blood levels 30 to 70 minutes following subcutaneous injection. When considering the clinical relevance of these kinetics, it is more appropriate to examine the glucose utilisation curves (as discussed in 5.1).
Insulin lispro maintains more rapid absorption when compared to soluble human insulin in patients with renal impairment. In patients with type 2 diabetes over a wide range of renal function the pharmacokinetic differences between insulin lispro and soluble human insulin were generally maintained and shown to be independent of renal function. Insulin lispro maintains more rapid absorption and elimination when compared to soluble human insulin in patients with hepatic impairment.
Insulin lispro 200 units/ml solution for injection was bioequivalent to insulin lispro 100 units/ml solution for injection after subcutaneous administration of a single 20 unit dose in healthy subjects. Time to maximum concentration was also similar between formulations.5.3 Preclinical safety data
In \*in vitro\* tests, including binding to insulin receptor sites and effects on growing cells, insulin lispro behaved in a manner that closely resembled human insulin. Studies also demonstrate that the dissociation of binding to the insulin receptor of insulin lispro is equivalent to human insulin. Acute, one month and twelve month toxicology studies produced no significant toxicity findings.
Insulin lispro did not induce fertility impairment, embryotoxicity or teratogenicity in animal studies.
## Pharmaceutical Particulars
6.1 List of excipients
\*m\*-Cresol
Glycerol
Trometamol
Zinc oxide
Water for injections
Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide may be used to adjust pH.6.2 Incompatibilities
This medicinal product should not be mixed with any other insulin or any other medicinal product. The solution for injection should not be diluted.6.3 Shelf life
\*\*Before use\*\*
3 years.
\*\*After first use\*\*
28 days.6.4 Special precautions for storage
Do not freeze. Do not expose to excessive heat or direct sunlight.
\*\*Before use\*\*
Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C).
\*\*After first use\*\*
Store below 30°C. Do not refrigerate. The pre-filled pen should not be stored with the needle attached.6.5 Nature and contents of container
Type I glass cartridges, sealed with halobutyl disc seals and plunger heads and secured with aluminium seals. Dimeticone or silicone emulsion may be used to treat the cartridge plunger, and/or the glass cartridge. The 3 ml cartridges which contain 600 units insulin lispro (200 units/ml), are sealed in a disposable pen injector, called the “KwikPen”. Needles are not included.
1 pre-filled pen of 3 ml
2 pre-filled pens of 3 ml
5 pre-filled pens of 3 ml
Multipacks containing 10 (2 packs of 5) pre-filled pens of 3 ml
Not all packs may be marketed.6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
\*\*Instructions for use and handling\*\*
To prevent the possible transmission of disease, each pen must be used by one patient only, even if the needle is changed. The patient should discard the needle after every injection.
The Humalog solution should be clear and colourless. Humalog should not be used if it appears cloudy, thickened, or slightly coloured or if solid particles are visible.
\*\*Handling of the pre-filled pen\*\*
Before using the KwikPen the user manual included in the package leaflet must be read carefully. The KwikPen has to be used as recommended in the user manual.
Pens should not be used if any part looks broken or damaged.
Any unused product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
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