- Approval Id
- 658aba06870aeb4f
- Drug Approval Emc Name
- Chlorphenamine injection
- Drug Name
- Chlorphenamine injection
- Company Name
- Kyowa Kirin Ltd
- Company Address
- Galabank Business Park, Galashiels, TD1 1QH
- Company Medical Info Direct Line
- + 44 (0)1896 664 000
- Company Medical Info Email
- medinfo@kyowakirin.com
- Atc Code
- R06AB04
- Legal Category
- Prescription only medicine
- Authorisation Holder
- Kyowa Kirin Limited
Galabank Business Park
Galashiels
TD1 1QH
United Kingdom
- Authorisation Number
- PL 16508/0051
- Authorisation Date
- 16 December 1999
- Instruction Authorisation Holder
- Kyowa Kirin Limited
Galabank Business Park
Galashiels
TD1 1QH
United Kingdom
- Instruction Authorisation Number
- PL 16508/0051
- Instruction Authorisation Date
- 16 December 1999
- Instruction Composition
- Each 1 ml of solution contains: Chlorphenamine Maleate 10 mg.
\*\*Excipient with known effect\*\*: Sodium (as sodium chloride) – please refer to section 4.4 for further details.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1
- Instruction Dosage Form
- Solution for Injection (Injection).
Clear, colourless sterile solution for injection.
- Instruction Clinical Particulars
- 4.1 Therapeutic indications
Chlorphenamine is indicated in adults, and children (aged 1 month to 18 years) for:
• acute urticaria
• control of allergic reactions to insect bites and stings
• angioneurotic oedema
• drug and serum reactions
• desensitisation reactions
• hayfever
• vasomotor rhinitis
• severe pruritus of non-specific origin4.2 Posology and method of administration
\*\*Posology\*\*
\*Adults\*
The usual dose of chlorphenamine injection for adults is 10 mg to 20 mg, but not more than 40 mg should be given within a 24-hour period.
When a rapid effect is desired, as in anaphylactic reactions, the intravenous route is recommended in addition to emergency therapy with adrenaline (epinephrine), corticosteroids, oxygen and supportive therapy as required. In this case chlorphenamine injection should be injected slowly over a period of one minute, using the smallest adequate syringe. Any drowsiness, giddiness or hypotension which may follow is usually transitory.
In the event of a blood transfusion reaction, a dose of 10 mg to 20 mg of chlorphenamine injection should be given by the subcutaneous route. This can be repeated to a total of 40 mg within a 24-hour period, or oral forms of chlorphenamine may be given until the symptoms subside.
Chlorphenamine injection may be helpful in the prevention of delayed reactions to penicillin and other drugs when given separately by intramuscular injection immediately prior to administration of the other drug. The usual dose is 10 mg.
Chlorphenamine injection cannot, however, be relied on to prevent anaphylactic reactions in patients known to be allergic to a particular drug.
\*Paediatric population\*
The dose for children should be calculated, based on either the child's age or their body weight, using the following table:
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| \*\*Age\*\* | \*\*Dose\*\* | | |
| 1 month to 1 year | | | 0.25 mg/kg |
| 1 to 5 years | 2.5 mg to 5 mg | OR | 0.20 mg/kg |
| 6 to 12 years | 5 mg to 10 mg | OR | 0.20 mg/kg |
| 12 to 18 years | 10 mg to 20 mg | OR | 0.20 mg/kg |
Extra care should be taken when preparing the injection for children under 1 year due to the small volumes that are required. Dilution of chlorphenamine injection with sodium chloride intravenous infusion (0.9% w/v) should facilitate preparation. For example, diluting 0.2 ml chlorphenamine injection to 2 ml with sodium chloride 0.9% injection produces a solution containing chlorphenamine 1 mg/ml. The diluted product should be used immediately.
\*\*Method of Administration\*\*
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Intravenous
When administered intravenously the injection should be given slowly over a period of one minute in order to avoid hypotension or central nervous system stimulation.4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
The anticholinergic properties of chlorphenamine are intensified by monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Chlorphenamine injection is therefore contraindicated in patients who have been treated with MAOIs within the last fourteen days.4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Chlorphenamine, in common with other drugs having anticholinergic effects, should be used with caution in epilepsy; raised intra-ocular pressure including glaucoma; prostatic hypertrophy; severe hypertension or cardiovascular disease; bronchitis; bronchiectasis and asthma; hepatic disease and thyrotoxicosis. Children and the elderly are more likely to experience the neurological anticholinergic effects.
This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per 1 ml, that is to say essentially 'sodium-free'.4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Concurrent use of chlorphenamine and hypnotics or anxiolytics may potentiate drowsiness. Concurrent use of alcohol may have a similar effect.
Chlorphenamine inhibits phenytoin metabolism and can lead to phenytoin toxicity.
The anticholinergic effects of chlorphenamine are intensified by MAOIs (see section 4.3 \*Contraindications\*).4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
There are no or limited amount of data (less than 300 pregnancy outcomes) from the use of Chlorphenamine in pregnant women. Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). As a precautionary measure, it is preferable to avoid the use of Chlorphenamine during pregnancy. Use during the third trimester may result in reactions in neonates.
Small amounts of antihistamines are excreted in breast milk. Use by nursing mothers is not recommended because of the risks of adverse effects in the infants. Antihistamines may inhibit lactation.4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
The anticholinergic properties of chlorphenamine may cause drowsiness, blurred vision and psychomotor impairment, which can seriously hamper the patient's ability to drive and use machinery.4.8 Undesirable effects
The following effects have been reported and are listed below by system organ class:
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| \*\*System Organ Class (SOC)\*\* | \*\*Frequency\*\* | \*\*Adverse Event\*\* |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Not known\\* | Haemolytic anaemia and other blood dyscrasias |
| Cardiac disorders | Not known\\* | Palpitations |
| Ear and labyrinth disorders | Not known\\* | Tinnitus |
| Eye disorders | Not known\\* | Blurred vision |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Not known\\* | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dry mouth, painful dyspepsia |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | Not known\\* | Irritability, lassitude, stinging or burning sensation at the site of injection |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | Not known\\* | Hepatitis including jaundice |
| Immune system disorders | Not known\\* | Hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reaction |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | Not known\\* | Anorexia |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Not known\\* | Twitching, muscular weakness, incoordination |
| Nervous system disorders | Not known\\* | Headaches, dizziness, inability to concentrate, sedation (most common side effect varying from slight drowsiness to deep sleep), CNS stimulation (as a result of rapid intravenous injection) |
| Psychiatric disorders | Not known\\* | Depression, nightmares, paradoxical excitation in children, confusional psychosis in the elderly |
| Renal and urinary disorders | Not known\\* | Urinary retention |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Not known\\* | Thickening of bronchial secretions |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Not known\\* | Exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitivity, skin reactions, urticaria |
| Vascular disorders | Not known\\* | Transitory hypotension (as a result of rapid intravenous injection) |
\\* cannot be estimated from the available data
\*\*\*\*Reporting of suspected adverse reactions\*\*\*\*
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.4.9 Overdose
The estimated lethal dose of chlorphenamine is 25mg to 50mg/kg body weight. Symptoms and signs include sedation, paradoxical stimulation of the CNS, toxic psychosis, seizures, apnoea, convulsions, anticholinergic effects, dystonic reactions and cardiovascular collapse including arrhythmias.
Symptomatic and supportive measures should be provided with special attention to cardiac, respiratory, renal and hepatic functions, and fluid and electrolytic balance. If overdosage is by the oral route, treatment should include gastric lavage or induced emesis. Following these measures activated charcoal and cathartics may be administered to minimise absorption.
Treat hypotension and arrhythmias vigorously. CNS convulsions may be treated with iv diazepam. Haemoperfusion may be used in severe cases.
- Instruction Pharmacology
- 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic Group: Antihistamines for systemic use, substituted alkylamines. ATC code: R06AB04
Antihistamines, including chlorphenamine, used in the treatment of allergy act by competing with histamine for H1-receptor sites on cells and tissues. Chlorphenamine also has anticholinergic activity.
The mechanism by which chlorphenamine exerts its anti-emetic, anti- motion sickness and anti-vertigo effects is not precisely known but may be related to its central actions. Further, most antihistamines, including chlorphenamine, cross the blood-brain barrier and probably produce sedation largely by occupying H1-receptors in the brain.5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Following iv administration, the apparent steady-state volume of distribution of chlorphenamine is approximately 3 L/kg in adults and 3.8 L/kg in children.
Chlorphenamine is approximately 70% bound to plasma proteins.
In adults with normal renal and hepatic function, the terminal elimination half-life of chlorphenamine reportedly ranges from 12 to 43 hours.
The systemic exposure per mg dose is lower in children than adults and the elimination half-life may be shorter.5.3 Preclinical safety data
There are no pre-clinical data of relevance to the prescriber which are additional to that already included in other sections of the Summary of Product Characteristics.
- Instruction Pharmaceutical Particulars
- 6.1 List of excipients
Sodium chloride, Water for Injections.6.2 Incompatibilities
In the absence of incompatibility studies, this product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.6.3 Shelf life
3 years unopened.
The product should be administered immediately after opening ampoule.6.4 Special precautions for storage
Do not store above 25°C. Keep the container in the outer carton in order to protect from light.6.5 Nature and contents of container
Chlorphenamine injection is presented in 1 ml neutral glass ampoules. It is supplied in boxes of 5 or 100 ampoules. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
No special requirements.
- Instruction Content
- ## Composition
Each 1 ml of solution contains: Chlorphenamine Maleate 10 mg.
\*\*Excipient with known effect\*\*: Sodium (as sodium chloride) – please refer to section 4.4 for further details.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1
## Pharmaceutical Form
Solution for Injection (Injection).
Clear, colourless sterile solution for injection.
## Clinical Particulars
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Chlorphenamine is indicated in adults, and children (aged 1 month to 18 years) for:
• acute urticaria
• control of allergic reactions to insect bites and stings
• angioneurotic oedema
• drug and serum reactions
• desensitisation reactions
• hayfever
• vasomotor rhinitis
• severe pruritus of non-specific origin4.2 Posology and method of administration
\*\*Posology\*\*
\*Adults\*
The usual dose of chlorphenamine injection for adults is 10 mg to 20 mg, but not more than 40 mg should be given within a 24-hour period.
When a rapid effect is desired, as in anaphylactic reactions, the intravenous route is recommended in addition to emergency therapy with adrenaline (epinephrine), corticosteroids, oxygen and supportive therapy as required. In this case chlorphenamine injection should be injected slowly over a period of one minute, using the smallest adequate syringe. Any drowsiness, giddiness or hypotension which may follow is usually transitory.
In the event of a blood transfusion reaction, a dose of 10 mg to 20 mg of chlorphenamine injection should be given by the subcutaneous route. This can be repeated to a total of 40 mg within a 24-hour period, or oral forms of chlorphenamine may be given until the symptoms subside.
Chlorphenamine injection may be helpful in the prevention of delayed reactions to penicillin and other drugs when given separately by intramuscular injection immediately prior to administration of the other drug. The usual dose is 10 mg.
Chlorphenamine injection cannot, however, be relied on to prevent anaphylactic reactions in patients known to be allergic to a particular drug.
\*Paediatric population\*
The dose for children should be calculated, based on either the child's age or their body weight, using the following table:
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| \*\*Age\*\* | \*\*Dose\*\* | | |
| 1 month to 1 year | | | 0.25 mg/kg |
| 1 to 5 years | 2.5 mg to 5 mg | OR | 0.20 mg/kg |
| 6 to 12 years | 5 mg to 10 mg | OR | 0.20 mg/kg |
| 12 to 18 years | 10 mg to 20 mg | OR | 0.20 mg/kg |
Extra care should be taken when preparing the injection for children under 1 year due to the small volumes that are required. Dilution of chlorphenamine injection with sodium chloride intravenous infusion (0.9% w/v) should facilitate preparation. For example, diluting 0.2 ml chlorphenamine injection to 2 ml with sodium chloride 0.9% injection produces a solution containing chlorphenamine 1 mg/ml. The diluted product should be used immediately.
\*\*Method of Administration\*\*
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Intravenous
When administered intravenously the injection should be given slowly over a period of one minute in order to avoid hypotension or central nervous system stimulation.4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
The anticholinergic properties of chlorphenamine are intensified by monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Chlorphenamine injection is therefore contraindicated in patients who have been treated with MAOIs within the last fourteen days.4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Chlorphenamine, in common with other drugs having anticholinergic effects, should be used with caution in epilepsy; raised intra-ocular pressure including glaucoma; prostatic hypertrophy; severe hypertension or cardiovascular disease; bronchitis; bronchiectasis and asthma; hepatic disease and thyrotoxicosis. Children and the elderly are more likely to experience the neurological anticholinergic effects.
This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per 1 ml, that is to say essentially 'sodium-free'.4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Concurrent use of chlorphenamine and hypnotics or anxiolytics may potentiate drowsiness. Concurrent use of alcohol may have a similar effect.
Chlorphenamine inhibits phenytoin metabolism and can lead to phenytoin toxicity.
The anticholinergic effects of chlorphenamine are intensified by MAOIs (see section 4.3 \*Contraindications\*).4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
There are no or limited amount of data (less than 300 pregnancy outcomes) from the use of Chlorphenamine in pregnant women. Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). As a precautionary measure, it is preferable to avoid the use of Chlorphenamine during pregnancy. Use during the third trimester may result in reactions in neonates.
Small amounts of antihistamines are excreted in breast milk. Use by nursing mothers is not recommended because of the risks of adverse effects in the infants. Antihistamines may inhibit lactation.4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
The anticholinergic properties of chlorphenamine may cause drowsiness, blurred vision and psychomotor impairment, which can seriously hamper the patient's ability to drive and use machinery.4.8 Undesirable effects
The following effects have been reported and are listed below by system organ class:
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| \*\*System Organ Class (SOC)\*\* | \*\*Frequency\*\* | \*\*Adverse Event\*\* |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Not known\\* | Haemolytic anaemia and other blood dyscrasias |
| Cardiac disorders | Not known\\* | Palpitations |
| Ear and labyrinth disorders | Not known\\* | Tinnitus |
| Eye disorders | Not known\\* | Blurred vision |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Not known\\* | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dry mouth, painful dyspepsia |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | Not known\\* | Irritability, lassitude, stinging or burning sensation at the site of injection |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | Not known\\* | Hepatitis including jaundice |
| Immune system disorders | Not known\\* | Hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reaction |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | Not known\\* | Anorexia |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Not known\\* | Twitching, muscular weakness, incoordination |
| Nervous system disorders | Not known\\* | Headaches, dizziness, inability to concentrate, sedation (most common side effect varying from slight drowsiness to deep sleep), CNS stimulation (as a result of rapid intravenous injection) |
| Psychiatric disorders | Not known\\* | Depression, nightmares, paradoxical excitation in children, confusional psychosis in the elderly |
| Renal and urinary disorders | Not known\\* | Urinary retention |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Not known\\* | Thickening of bronchial secretions |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Not known\\* | Exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitivity, skin reactions, urticaria |
| Vascular disorders | Not known\\* | Transitory hypotension (as a result of rapid intravenous injection) |
\\* cannot be estimated from the available data
\*\*\*\*Reporting of suspected adverse reactions\*\*\*\*
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.4.9 Overdose
The estimated lethal dose of chlorphenamine is 25mg to 50mg/kg body weight. Symptoms and signs include sedation, paradoxical stimulation of the CNS, toxic psychosis, seizures, apnoea, convulsions, anticholinergic effects, dystonic reactions and cardiovascular collapse including arrhythmias.
Symptomatic and supportive measures should be provided with special attention to cardiac, respiratory, renal and hepatic functions, and fluid and electrolytic balance. If overdosage is by the oral route, treatment should include gastric lavage or induced emesis. Following these measures activated charcoal and cathartics may be administered to minimise absorption.
Treat hypotension and arrhythmias vigorously. CNS convulsions may be treated with iv diazepam. Haemoperfusion may be used in severe cases.
## Pharmacological Properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic Group: Antihistamines for systemic use, substituted alkylamines. ATC code: R06AB04
Antihistamines, including chlorphenamine, used in the treatment of allergy act by competing with histamine for H1-receptor sites on cells and tissues. Chlorphenamine also has anticholinergic activity.
The mechanism by which chlorphenamine exerts its anti-emetic, anti- motion sickness and anti-vertigo effects is not precisely known but may be related to its central actions. Further, most antihistamines, including chlorphenamine, cross the blood-brain barrier and probably produce sedation largely by occupying H1-receptors in the brain.5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Following iv administration, the apparent steady-state volume of distribution of chlorphenamine is approximately 3 L/kg in adults and 3.8 L/kg in children.
Chlorphenamine is approximately 70% bound to plasma proteins.
In adults with normal renal and hepatic function, the terminal elimination half-life of chlorphenamine reportedly ranges from 12 to 43 hours.
The systemic exposure per mg dose is lower in children than adults and the elimination half-life may be shorter.5.3 Preclinical safety data
There are no pre-clinical data of relevance to the prescriber which are additional to that already included in other sections of the Summary of Product Characteristics.
## Pharmaceutical Particulars
6.1 List of excipients
Sodium chloride, Water for Injections.6.2 Incompatibilities
In the absence of incompatibility studies, this product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.6.3 Shelf life
3 years unopened.
The product should be administered immediately after opening ampoule.6.4 Special precautions for storage
Do not store above 25°C. Keep the container in the outer carton in order to protect from light.6.5 Nature and contents of container
Chlorphenamine injection is presented in 1 ml neutral glass ampoules. It is supplied in boxes of 5 or 100 ampoules. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
No special requirements.
