- Approval Id
- b636c665df6b9025
- Drug Approval Emc Name
- Imlygic
- Drug Name
- Imlygic
- Company Address
- 216 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WA, UK
- Company Telephone
- +44 (0)1223 420 305
- Company Medical Info Direct Line
- +44 (0)1223 436 441
- Company Medical Info Email
- gbinfoline@amgen.com
- Company Customer Care Direct Line
- +44 (0)808 0100 321
- Company Medical Info Fax
- +44 (0)1223 426 314
- Atc Code
- L01XL02
- Legal Category
- Prescription only medicine
- Authorisation Holder
- Amgen Limited
216 Cambridge Science Park
Milton Road
Cambridge
CB4 0WA
United Kingdom
- Authorisation Number
- PLGB 13832/0019
PLGB 13832/0020
- Authorisation Date
- 01/01/2021
- Instruction Authorisation Holder
- Amgen Limited
216 Cambridge Science Park
Milton Road
Cambridge
CB4 0WA
United Kingdom
- Instruction Authorisation Number
- PLGB 13832/0019
PLGB 13832/0020
- Instruction Authorisation Date
- 01/01/2021
- Instruction Composition
- \*\*2.1 General description\*\*
Talimogene laherparepvec is an attenuated herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) derived by functional deletion of 2 genes (ICP34.5 and ICP47) and insertion of coding sequence for human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (see section 5.1).
Talimogene laherparepvec is produced in Vero cells by recombinant DNA technology.
\*\*2.2 Qualitative and quantitative composition\*\*
Imlygic 106 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL solution for injection
Each vial contains 1 mL deliverable volume of Imlygic at a nominal concentration of 1 x 106 (1 million) plaque forming units (PFU)/mL.
Imlygic 108 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL solution for injection
Each vial contains 1 mL deliverable volume of Imlygic at a nominal concentration of 1 x 108 (100 million) plaque forming units (PFU)/mL.
Excipient with known effect
Each 1 mL vial contains 7.7 mg sodium and 20 mg sorbitol.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
- Instruction Dosage Form
- Solution for injection (injection).
Imlygic 106 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL solution for injection
Clear to semi-translucent liquid following thaw from its frozen state.
It may contain white, visible, variously shaped, virus-containing particles.
Imlygic 108 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL solution for injection
Semi-translucent to opaque liquid following thaw from its frozen state.
It may contain white, visible, variously shaped, virus-containing particles.
- Instruction Clinical Particulars
- 4.1 Therapeutic indications
Imlygic is indicated for the treatment of adults with unresectable melanoma that is regionally or distantly metastatic (Stage IIIB, IIIC and IVM1a) with no bone, brain, lung or other visceral disease (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).4.2 Posology and method of administration
Treatment with talimogene laherparepvec should be initiated and supervised by a qualified physician experienced in the treatment of cancer.
Patients treated with Imlygic must be given the Patient Alert Card and be informed about the risks of the treatment (see also Package leaflet).
Posology
Imlygic is provided in single-use vials of 1 mL each in two different concentrations:
• 106 (1 million) PFU/mL - For initial dose only.
\*•\* 108 (100 million) PFU/mL - For all subsequent doses.
The total injection volume for each treatment visit should be up to a maximum of 4 mL. The initial recommended dose is up to a maximum of 4 mL of Imlygic at a concentration of 106 (1 million) PFU/mL. Subsequent doses should be administered up to 4 mL of Imlygic at a concentration of 108 (100 million) PFU/mL.
The recommended dosing schedule is shown in table 1.
\*\*Table 1. Recommended dosing schedule\*\*
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| \*\*Treatment visit\*\* | \*\*Treatment interval\*\* | \*\*Maximum total injection volume\*\* | \*\*Dose concentrations\*\* | \*\*Prioritisation of lesions to be injected\*\* |
| Initial | - | Up to 4 mL | 106 (1 million) PFU/mL | • Inject largest lesion(s) first. • Prioritise injection of remaining lesions based on lesion size until maximum injection volume is reached. |
| Second | 3 weeks after initial treatment | Up to 4 mL | 108 (100 million) PFU/mL | • First inject any new lesions (lesions that may have developed since initial treatment). • Prioritise injection of remaining lesions based on lesion size until maximum injection volume is reached. |
| All subsequent treatment visits (including re-initiation) | 2 weeks after previous treatment | Up to 4 mL | 108 (100 million) PFU/mL | • First inject any new lesions (lesions that may have developed since previous treatment). • Prioritise injection of remaining lesions based on lesion size until maximum injection volume is reached. |
\*Determining Imlygic dose volume (per lesion)\*
The volume to be injected into each lesion is dependent on the size of the lesion and should be determined according to table 2. The total injection volume for each treatment session should be up to a maximum of 4 mL.
\*\*Table 2. Selection of Imlygic injection volume based on lesion size\*\*
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Lesion size\*\* (longest dimension) | \*\*Imlygic injection volume\*\* |
| > 5 cm | up to 4 mL |
| > 2.5 cm to 5 cm | up to 2 mL |
| > 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm | up to 1 mL |
| > 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm | up to 0.5 mL |
| ≤ 0.5 cm | up to 0.1 mL |
Patients may experience increase in size of existing lesion(s) or the appearance of a new lesion prior to achieving a response. As long as there are injectable lesion(s) remaining, Imlygic should be continued for at least 6 months unless the physician considers that the patient is not benefitting from Imlygic treatment or that other treatment is required.
Imlygic treatment may be reinitiated if new lesions appear following a complete response and the physician considers that the patient will benefit from treatment.
\*Special populations\*
\*Elderly population\*
No adjustment of the dose is required in patients ≥ 65 years old (see section 5.1).
\*Hepatic and renal impairment\*
No clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of hepatic or renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of talimogene laherparepvec. However, no adjustment in dosage is necessary for patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
\*Paediatric population\*
The safety and efficacy of Imlygic in paediatric patients has not been established. Currently available data for paediatric and young adult patients aged 7 to ≤ 21 years with advanced non-central nervous system tumours amenable to direct injection are described in section 5.1.
Method of administration
Imlygic is to be administered by intralesional injection into cutaneous, subcutaneous, and/or nodal lesions that are visible, palpable or detectable by ultrasound guidance.
\*Precautions to be taken before manipulating or administering the medicinal product\*
This medicinal product contains genetically modified organisms. Personal protective equipment should be worn while preparing or administering talimogene laherparepvec (see section 6.6).
Healthcare professionals who are immunocompromised or pregnant should not administer Imlygic and should not come into direct contact with the injection site(s) or body fluids of treated patients (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).
Follow the instructions below to prepare and administer Imlygic to patients:
\*Pre-injection\*
• Thaw Imlygic vial(s) at room temperature. Thawed vials may be stored prior to administration (see section 6.3). For handling of thawed vials, see section 6.6.
• Draw the desired amount of Imlygic from the vial into a syringe using aseptic technique. A 22- to 26-gauge needle is recommended.
• The injection site may be treated with a topical anaesthetic agent. Injectable anaesthetic may be injected around the periphery of the lesion but should not be injected directly into the lesion.
• Clean the lesion and surrounding areas with an alcohol swab and let dry.
\*Injection\*
• Inject Imlygic intralesionally into cutaneous, subcutaneous, and/or nodal lesions that are visible, palpable or detectable by ultrasound guidance.
• Determine injection volume for each lesion using table 2 above.
• Using a single insertion point, inject Imlygic along multiple tracks as far as the radial reach of the needle allows within the lesion to achieve even and complete dispersion. Multiple insertion points may be used if a lesion is larger than the radial reach of the needle.
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cutaneous lesions | Subcutaneous lesions | Nodal lesions |
| SMPC\_31351\_image1\_14.png | SMPC\_31351\_image2\_14.png | SMPC\_31351\_image3\_14.png |
| \*\*Figure 1.\*\* \*\*Injection administration for cutaneous lesions\*\* | \*\*Figure 2.\*\* \*\*Injection administration for subcutaneous lesions\*\* | \*\*Figure 3.\*\* \*\*Injection administration for nodal lesions\*\* |
• Disperse Imlygic evenly and completely within the lesion by pulling the needle back without exiting the lesion. Redirect the needle as many times as necessary while injecting the remainder of the dose. Continue until the full dose is evenly and completely dispersed.
• When removing the needle, withdraw it from the lesion slowly to avoid leakage or splash back of Imlygic at the insertion point.
• Repeat these steps for other lesions that need to be injected. Use a new needle anytime the needle is completely removed from a lesion and each time a different lesion is injected.
\*Post-injection\*
• Apply pressure to the injection site with a sterile gauze for at least 30 seconds.
• Swab the injection site and surrounding area with alcohol, and cover the injected lesion with an absorbent pad and dry occlusive dressing.4.3 Contraindications
• Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to talimogene laherparepvec or any of its excipients.
• Patients who are severely immunocompromised (e.g. patients with severe congenital or acquired cellular and/or humoral immune deficiency) (see section 4.4).4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Traceability
In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded.
Previously treated patients
Efficacy data for Imlygic in the current second or later line treatment settings are limited.
Disseminated herpetic infection
Disseminated herpetic infection, including serious cases of disseminated herpetic infection, have been reported in patients treated with Imlygic (see section 4.8).
Imlygic has not been studied in immunocompromised patients. Based on epidemiological data, immunocompromised patients (such as those with HIV/AIDS, leukaemia, lymphoma, common variable immunodeficiency, or who require chronic high-dose steroids or other immunosuppressive agents) may be at increased risk of disseminated herpetic infection. Consider the risks and benefits of treatment before administering Imlygic to immunocompromised patients.
Based on animal data, patients who are severely immunocompromised may be at an increased risk of disseminated herpetic infection and should not be treated with Imlygic (see sections 4.3 and 5.3).
Accidental exposure to Imlygic
Accidental exposure may lead to transmission of Imlygic and herpetic infection. Healthcare professionals and close contacts (e.g. household members, caregivers, sex partners or persons sharing the same bed) should avoid direct contact with injected lesions or body fluids of treated patients during the entirety of the treatment period and up to 30 days after the last treatment administration (see section 6.6). Accidental needle stick and splashback have been reported in healthcare professionals during preparation and administration.
Close contacts who are pregnant or immunocompromised should not change the patient's dressing or clean their injection site. Pregnant women, neonates, and immunocompromised individuals should not be exposed to potentially contaminated materials.
Healthcare professionals should ensure that patients are able to comply with the requirement to cover injection sites with occlusive dressings (see section 6.6). Patients should also be advised to avoid touching or scratching injection sites as this could lead to inadvertent transfer of Imlygic to other areas of their body or to their close contacts.
Although it is not known if Imlygic could be transmitted through sexual contact, it is known that wild-type HSV-1 can be transmitted through sexual contact. Patients should be advised to use a latex condom during sexual contact to prevent possible transmission of Imlygic. Women of childbearing potential should be advised to use an effective method of contraception to prevent pregnancy during treatment (see section 4.6).
Caregivers should be advised to wear protective gloves when assisting patients in applying or changing occlusive dressings and to observe safety precautions for disposal of used dressings and cleaning materials (see section 6.6).
In the event of an accidental exposure to Imlygic, follow instructions in section 6.6. If signs or symptoms of herpetic infection develop, exposed individuals should contact their healthcare professional. In case suspected herpetic lesions occur, patients, close contacts or healthcare providers have the option of follow-up testing by the Marketing Authorisation Holder for further characterisation of the infection.
Herpetic infection in Imlygic-treated patients
Herpetic infections (including but not limited to cold sores and herpes keratitis) and serious cases of disseminated herpetic infections have been reported in patients treated with Imlygic (see section 4.8). Symptoms of a local or systemic infection possibly related to Imlygic are anticipated to be similar to symptoms caused by wild-type HSV-1 infections.
Individuals with wild-type HSV-1 infection are known to be at a lifelong risk for symptomatic herpetic infection due to reactivation of latent wild-type HSV-1. Symptomatic herpetic infection due to possible reactivation of Imlygic should be considered.
Patients who develop herpetic infections should be advised to follow standard hygienic practices to prevent viral transmission.
Talimogene laherparepvec is sensitive to acyclovir. The risks and benefits of Imlygic treatment should be considered before administering acyclovir or other anti-viral agents indicated for management of herpetic infection. These agents may interfere with the effectiveness of the treatment if administered systemically or topically directly to the injection site.
Information on herpetic lesions is provided in the Patient Alert Card.
Cellulitis at the injection site
Necrosis or ulceration of tumour tissue may occur following Imlygic treatment. Cellulitis and systemic bacterial infection have been reported. Careful wound care and infection precautions are recommended, particularly if tissue necrosis results in open wounds.
Impaired healing at the injection site
In clinical studies, impaired healing at the injection site has been reported. Imlygic may increase the risk of impaired healing in patients with underlying risk factors (e.g. previous radiation at the injection site, or lesions in poorly vascularised areas).
The risks and benefits of Imlygic should be considered before continuing treatment if persistent infection or delayed healing develops.
Immune-mediated events
In clinical studies, immune-mediated events including as glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, pneumonitis, worsening psoriasis, and vitiligo have been reported in patients treated with Imlygic.
The risks and benefits of Imlygic should be considered before initiating treatment in patients who have underlying autoimmune disease or before continuing treatment in patients who develop immune-mediated events.
Plasmacytoma at injection site
Plasmacytoma has been reported in proximity to the injection site after administration of Imlygic. The risks and benefits of Imlygic should be considered in patients with multiple myeloma or in whom plasmacytoma develops during treatment.
Obstructive airway disorder
Obstructive airway disorder has been reported following Imlygic treatment. Caution should be used when injecting lesions close to major airways.
HSV-1 seronegative patients
Patients who were HSV-1 seronegative at baseline were reported to have a greater incidence of pyrexia, chills, and influenza-like illness compared with those who were HSV-1 seropositive at baseline, especially within the period of the first 6 treatments (see section 4.8).
Hepatic haemorrhage from transcutaneous intrahepatic route of administration
Imlygic is not indicated for transcutaneous intrahepatic route of administration. In clinical studies, cases of hepatic haemorrhage resulting in hospitalisation and death have been reported in patients receiving transcutaneous intrahepatic Imlygic injections.
All patients
This medicinal product contains 20 mg sorbitol per 1 mL vial. The additive effect of concomitantly administered products containing sorbitol (or fructose) and dietary intake of sorbitol (or fructose) should be taken into account.
This medicinal product contains 7.7 mg sodium per 1 mL vial, equivalent to 0.4% of the WHO recommended maximum daily intake of 2 g sodium for an adult.4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
No interaction studies have been conducted with Imlygic. Acyclovir and other anti-viral agents may interfere with the effectiveness of the treatment if administered systemically or topically directly to the injection site. Consider the risks and benefits of Imlygic treatment before administering acyclovir or other anti-viral agents indicated for management of herpetic infection.4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Women of childbearing potential/contraception
Women of childbearing potential should be advised to use an effective method of contraception to prevent pregnancy during treatment.
All patients should be advised to use a latex condom during sexual contact to prevent possible transmission of Imlygic (see section 4.4).
Pregnancy
Adequate and well controlled studies with talimogene laherparepvec have not been conducted in pregnant women.
If a pregnant woman has an infection with wild-type HSV-1 (primary or reactivation), there is potential for the virus to cross the placental barrier, and also a risk of transmission during birth due to viral shedding. Infections with wild-type HSV-1 have been associated with serious adverse effects, including multi-organ failure and death, if a foetus or neonate contracts the wild-type herpes infection. While there are no clinical data to date on talimogene laherparepvec infections in pregnant women, there could be a risk to the foetus or neonate if talimogene laherparepvec were to act in the same manner. No effects on embryo-foetal development have been observed in animal studies (see section 5.3). As a precautionary measure, it is preferable to avoid the use of talimogene laherparepvec during pregnancy.
Transplacental metastases of malignant melanoma can occur. Because talimogene laherparepvec is designed to enter and replicate in the tumour tissue, there could be a risk of foetal exposure to talimogene laherparepvec from tumour tissue that has crossed the placenta.
If Imlygic is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking the medicinal product, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazards to the foetus and/or neonate.
Breast-feeding
It is unknown whether talimogene laherparepvec is transferred into human milk. A decision must be made whether to discontinue breast-feeding or to discontinue/abstain from Imlygic therapy taking into account the benefit of breast-feeding for the child and the benefit of therapy for the woman.
Fertility
No clinical studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of talimogene laherparepvec on fertility (see section 5.3).4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Talimogene laherparepvec may have a minor influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Because of potential adverse reactions such as dizziness and confusional state (see section 4.8), patients should be advised to use caution when driving or operating machinery until they are certain that talimogene laherparepvec does not adversely affect them.4.8 Undesirable effects
Summary of the safety profile
The safety of Imlygic was evaluated in the pivotal study where 292 patients received at least 1 dose of Imlygic (see section 5.1). The median duration of exposure to Imlygic was 23 weeks (5.3 months). Twenty-six (26) patients were exposed to Imlygic for at least one year.
The most commonly reported adverse reactions (≥ 25%) in Imlygic-treated patients were fatigue (50.3%), chills (48.6%), pyrexia (42.8%), nausea (35.6%), influenza-like illness (30.5%), and injection site pain (27.7%). Overall, 98% of these adverse reactions reported were mild or moderate in severity. The most common grade 3 or higher adverse reaction was cellulitis (2.1%) (see section 4.4).
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
Adverse reactions were determined based on clinical trials in patients with melanoma treated with Imlygic compared to GM-CSF and post-marketing experience. Incidence of adverse reactions are presented by system organ class and by frequency. Frequencies are defined as: very common (≥ 1/10), common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10) and uncommon (≥ 1/1000 to < 1/100). Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
\*\*Table 3. Adverse reactions from clinical trials in patients with melanoma and post-marketing experience\*\*
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Infections and infestations\*\* | |
| Common | Cellulitis\\*, Herpes infections\\*\\* |
| Uncommon | Incision site infection |
| \*\*Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (including cysts and polyps)\*\* | |
| Common | Tumour pain, Infected neoplasm |
| Uncommon | Plasmacytoma at injection site\\* |
| \*\*Blood and lymphatic system disorders\*\* | |
| Very common | Oedema peripheral |
| Common | Anaemia |
| \*\*Immune system disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Immune-mediated events†\\* |
| Uncommon | Hypersensitivity |
| \*\*Metabolism and nutrition disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Dehydration |
| \*\*Nervous system disorders\*\* | |
| Very common | Headache |
| Common | Confusional state, Anxiety, Depression, Dizziness, Insomnia |
| \*\*Eye disorders\*\* | |
| Uncommon | Keratitis herpetic |
| \*\*Ear and labyrinth disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Ear pain |
| \*\*Cardiac disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Tachycardia |
| \*\*Vascular disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Deep vein thrombosis, Hypertension, Flushing |
| \*\*Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders\*\* | |
| Very common | Cough |
| Common | Dyspnoea, Oropharyngeal pain, Upper respiratory tract infection |
| Uncommon | Obstructive airways disorder |
| \*\*Gastrointestinal disorders\*\* | |
| Very common | Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Constipation, Nausea |
| Common | Abdominal pain, Abdominal discomfort |
| \*\*Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Vitiligo, Rash, Dermatitis |
| Uncommon | Granulomatous dermatitis |
| \*\*Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders\*\* | |
| Very common | Myalgia, Arthralgia, Pain in extremity |
| Common | Back pain, Groin pain |
| \*\*General disorders and administration site conditions\*\* | |
| Very common | Influenza-like illness\\*, Pyrexia, Chills, Fatigue, Pain, Injection site reactions§ |
| Common | Malaise, Axillary pain |
| \*\*Investigations\*\* | |
| Common | Weight decreased |
| \*\*Injury, poisoning and procedural complications\*\* | |
| Common | Wound complication, Wound secretion, Contusion, Procedural pain |
§ Injection site reactions include: very common term of injection site pain, common terms of injection site erythema, injection site haemorrhage, injection site swelling, injection site reaction, injection site inflammation, secretion discharge, injection site discharge, uncommon term of injection site warmth.
† Immune-mediated events include: uncommon terms of vasculitis, pneumonitis, worsening psoriasis and glomerulonephritis.
\\* See Description of selected adverse reactions
\\*\\*Herpetic infections (including, but not limited to Oral herpes)
Description of selected adverse reactions
\*Immune-mediated events\*
Immune-mediated events reported in the pivotal clinical study included a case of worsening psoriasis in a patient with a prior history of psoriasis, one case of pneumonitis in a patient with a prior history of autoimmune disease, one case of vasculitis, and two cases of glomerulonephritis of which one presented with acute renal failure.
\*Plasmacytoma\*
In clinical trials, one case of plasmacytoma at injection site was observed in a patient who was found to have multiple myeloma.
\*Cellulitis\*
In the pivotal clinical trial (study 005/05), events of cellulitis were recorded, some of them being considered as serious adverse events. However, none lead to permanent discontinuation of Imlygic treatment. Careful wound care and infection precautions are recommended, particularly if tissue necrosis results in open wounds.
\*Influenza-like symptoms\*
Ninety percent (90%) of patients treated with Imlygic experienced influenza-like symptoms. Pyrexia, chills, and influenza-like illness, which can occur any time during treatment, generally resolved within 72 hours. These events were reported more frequently within the period of the first 6 treatments, particularly in patients who were HSV-1 negative at baseline.
Paediatric population
A paediatric phase 1 clinical trial (study 20110261) was conducted in 15 paediatric and young adult patients aged 7 to ≤ 21 years with advanced non-central nervous system tumours amenable to direct injection (see section 5.1). The safety data was consistent with the patients' underlying disease and the known safety profile of talimogene laherparepvec in adults.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via:
\*\*United Kingdom\*\*
Yellow Card Scheme
Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store4.9 Overdose
There is no clinical experience with overdose with Imlygic. Doses up to 4 mL at a concentration of 108 PFU/mL every 2 weeks have been administered in clinical trials with no evidence of dose limiting toxicity. The maximum dose that can be safely administered has not been determined. In the event of a suspected overdose or inadvertent intravenous administration, the patient should be treated symptomatically, e.g. with acyclovir or other anti-viral agents (see section 4.4) and supportive measures instituted as required.
- Instruction Pharmacology
- 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antineoplastic cell and gene therapy, ATC code: L01XL02.
Mechanism of action
Talimogene laherparepvec is an oncolytic immunotherapy that is derived from HSV-1. Talimogene laherparepvec has been modified to replicate within tumours and to produce the immune stimulatory protein human GM-CSF. Talimogene laherparepvec causes the death of tumour cells and the release of tumour-derived antigens. It is thought that together with GM-CSF, it will promote a systemic anti-tumour immune response and an effector T-cell response. Mice that had complete regression of their primary tumours following treatment were resistant to subsequent tumour re-challenge.
The modifications to talimogene laherparepvec from HSV-1 include deletion of ICP34.5 and ICP47. Whereas anti-viral immune responses defend normal cells following infection by talimogene laherparepvec, tumours have been shown to be susceptible to injury and cell death from ICP34.5-deficient HSV-1 viruses, including talimogene laherparepvec. Deletion of ICP47 prevents down-regulation of antigen presentation molecules and increases the expression of HSV US11 gene, thereby enhancing viral replication in tumour cells.
Clinical efficacy and safety
\*Study 005/05\*
The safety and efficacy of Imlygic monotherapy compared with subcutaneously administered GM-CSF were evaluated in a phase 3, multinational, open-label, and randomised clinical study of patients with stage IIIB, IIIC, and IV melanoma that was not considered to be surgically resectable. Previous systemic treatment for melanoma was allowed but not required. Patients with active brain metastases, bone metastases, extensive visceral disease, primary ocular or mucosal melanoma, evidence of immunosuppression, or receiving treatment with a systemic anti-herpetic agent were excluded from the study.
Patients were randomised in a 2:1 ratio to receive either Imlygic or GM-CSF (N = 436; 295 Imlygic, 141 GM-CSF). Imlygic was administered by intralesional injection at an initial concentration of 106 (1 million) PFU/mL on day 1, followed by a concentration of 108 (100 million) PFU/mL on day 21 and every 2 weeks thereafter at a dose of up to 4 mL. GM-CSF was administered subcutaneously at 125 mcg/m2 delivered daily for 14 days followed by a 14-day rest period in repeating intervals.
To allow for delayed immune-mediated anti-tumour effects to occur, patients were treated for a minimum of 6 months or until there were no longer any injectable lesions. During this period, treatment was to continue despite an increase in size in existing lesion(s) and/or development of new lesion(s) unless the patient developed intolerable toxicity or the investigator believed that it was in the best interest of the patient to stop treatment or to be given other therapy for melanoma. After 6 months of treatment, patients were to continue treatment until clinically relevant disease progression (i.e. disease progression associated with a decline in performance status and/or alternative therapy was required in the opinion of the investigator). Patients experiencing a response at 12 months of treatment could continue treatment for up to an additional 6 months. The mean (SD) treatment duration for the intent-to-treat (ITT) population was 15.76 weeks (15.79) in the GM-CSF arm and 26.83 weeks (18.39) in the Imlygic arm. The primary endpoint was durable response rate (DRR) [defined as the percent of patients with complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) maintained continuously for a minimum of 6 months] per blinded central review. The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR) [PR+CR], time to response, duration of response, and time to treatment failure (time from randomisation until the first episode of clinically relevant disease progression where there is no response achieved after the progression event, or until death).
The mean age was 63 (range: 22 to 94) years; 26.5% were over 65 years old and 23.3% were over 74 years old. The majority of patients, 98%, were caucasian. Male patients comprised 57% of study population and 70% of patients were baseline ECOG 0 performance status. Of the enrolled patients, 22% had stage IV M1c disease and 53% of patients had received prior therapy for melanoma such as chemotherapy and cytokine-based immunotherapy in addition to surgery, adjuvant therapy or radiation. Overall, 58% of all patients enrolled into the study were seropositive for wild-type HSV-1 at baseline and 32.6% were seronegative; the HSV-1 serostatus of the remaining 9.4% was unknown.
The difference in DRR between Imlygic and GM-CSF in the ITT population was statistically significant (see table 4) in favour of Imlygic.
\*\*Table 4. Summary of results for the ITT population from Imlygic study 005/05\*\*
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | \*\*Study endpoint\*\* | \*\*Imlygic N = 295\*\* | \*\*GM-CSF N = 141\*\* |
| Durable response rate | Primary | 16.3% (n = 48) (95% CI: 12.1, 20.5) | 2.1% (n = 3) (95% CI: 0.0, 4.5) |
| Odds ratio 8.9; (95% CI: 2.7, 29.2) p < 0.0001 | |
| Overall response rate (% CR, % PR) | Secondary | 26.4% (n = 78) (95% CI: 21.4%, 31.5%) (10.8% CR, 15.6% PR) | 5.7% (n = 8) (95% CI: 1.9%, 9.5%) (0.7% CR, 5% PR) |
| Overall survival | Secondary | Median 23.3 (95% CI: 19.5, 29.6) months | Median 18.9 (95% CI: 16.0, 23.7) months |
| HR: 0.79; (95% CI: 0.62, 1.00) p = 0.051 | |
| Duration of response (ongoing response at last tumour evaluation) | Secondary | Not reached (Range: > 0.0 to > 16.8 months) | Median 2.8 months (Range: 1.2 to > 14.9 months) |
| HR: 0.46; (95% CI: 0.35, 0.60) | |
| Time to response (median) | Secondary | 4.1 months | 3.7 months |
| Time to treatment failure (median) | Secondary | 8.2 months (95% CI: 6.5, 9.9) | 2.9 months (95% CI: 2.8, 4.0) |
| HR: 0.42; (95% CI: 0.32, 0.54) | |
Among the Imlygic-treated responders, 56 (72%) responses were still ongoing at the time of primary analysis. Of the responders, 42 (54%) experienced a ≥ 25% increase in overall size of existing lesion(s) and/or developed a new lesion(s) prior to ultimately achieving a response.
In an analysis to evaluate systemic activity of Imlygic, 27 of 79 patients (34.2%) had a ≥ 50% overall decrease in non-visceral lesions that were not injected with Imlygic, and 8 of 71 patients (11.3%) had a ≥ 50% overall decrease in visceral lesions that were not injected with Imlygic.
\*\*Figure 4. Kaplan-Meier plot –overall survival (ITT population)\*\*
No overall differences in safety or efficacy were observed between elderly (≥ 65 years old) and younger adult patients.
\*Exploratory subgroups\*
Exploratory subgroup analyses for DRR and overall survival by stage of disease were also carried out (see figure 5 and table 5). While the pivotal study was not powered to evaluate efficacy in these individual subgroups, patients with no visceral disease derived greater benefit from Imlygic treatment than those with more advanced disease.
\*\*Table 5. Summary of results from exploratory subgroup analysis from Imlygic study 005/05\*\*
| | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | \*\*DRR, (%)\*\* | | \*\*ORR, (%)\*\* | | \*\*OS (hazard ratio)\*\* |
| \*\*Imlygic\*\* | \*\*GM-CSF\*\* | \*\*Imlygic\*\* | \*\*GM-CSF\*\* | \*\*Imlygic vs GM-CSF\*\* |
| Stage§ IIIB/IIIC/ stage IVM1a (Imlygic, n = 163; GM-CSF, n = 86) | 25.2 | 1.2 | 40.5 | 2.3 | 0.57, (95% CI: 0.40, 0.80); |
| Stage§ IVM1B/ IVM1C (Imlygic, n = 131; GM-CSF, n = 55) | 5.3 | 3.6 | 9.2 | 10.9 | 1.07, (95% CI: 0.75, 1.52); |
§ American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging 6th edition.
\*\*Figure 5. Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall survival by randomised treatment arm for disease stage IIIB/IIIC/ stage IVM1a (exploratory subgroup analysis)\*\*
Censor indicated by vertical bar ׀
NE = not estimable
Due to the exploratory nature of the analysis and based on the current evidence, it has not been established that Imlygic is associated with an effect on overall survival.
Paediatric population
One phase 1, multi-centre, open-label, dose de-escalation clinical trial (study 20110261) evaluated the safety and efficacy of talimogene laherparepvec in paediatric patients with advanced non-central nervous system tumours that were amenable to direct injection. A total of 15 paediatric and young adult patients aged 7 to ≤ 21 years, divided in two cohorts; cohort A1 (13 patients aged 12 to ≤ 21 years) and cohort B1 (2 patients aged 7 to < 12 years) received talimogene laherparepvec during the study. The dosing schedule was consistent with the recommended adult talimogene laherparepvec dose.
Thirteen patients were included in the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) analysis set. No patient had a DLT during the DLT evaluation period. Overall, all patients (15 patients, 100.0%) had at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event, and 8 patients (53.3 %) had grade ≥ 3 adverse events.
No responses were observed, ORR per modified irRC-RECIST was 0% (95% CI: 0.0, 21.8).5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Talimogene laherparepvec is a genetically modified and replication-competent HSV-1 virus. Therefore, its pharmacokinetics and biodistribution are driven by the site of intralesional injection, tumour-selective replication, and release from tumour tissue.
Absorption
Cellular uptake of talimogene laherparepvec occurs through HSV-1 receptors on tumours and non-tumour cells following local injection into tumours. As talimogene laherparepvec is injected and replicates intratumourally, bioavailability and systemic concentration of talimogene laherparepvec are not predictive of drug substance activity and therefore have not been evaluated.
Metabolism/elimination
Talimogene laherparepvec is cleared through general host-defence mechanisms (e.g. autophagy, adaptive immune responses). Talimogene laherparepvec is degraded by typical endogenous protein and DNA catabolic pathways. As with other wild-type HSV-1 infections, a latent pool of talimogene laherparepvec DNA may persist in neuronal cell bodies innervating the injection sites; therefore, the occurrence of latent infection with talimogene laherparepvec cannot be excluded.
Biodistribution (within the body) and viral shedding (excretion/secretion)
Talimogene laherparepvec DNA was quantified with a highly sensitive and specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay which may not correlate with viral infectivity risk. Talimogene laherparepvec was also quantified in selected patient samples in clinical studies using viral infectivity assays at the injection sites and in some cases of potential herpetic lesions.
\*Clinical biodistribution, elimination, and shedding\*
The biodistribution and shedding of intralesionally administered talimogene laherparepvec were investigated in a clinical study that measured talimogene laherparepvec DNA in blood, urine, injection site, exterior of the occlusive dressings, oral mucosa, anogenital area, and suspected herpetic lesions. Sixty patients with melanoma received Imlygic intralesional injection at a dose and schedule same as clinical study 005/05 (see section 5.1). Occlusive dressings samples were collected during treatment. Blood and urine samples were collected during treatment and for up to 30 days after the end of treatment. Injection site, oral mucosa, and anogenital area samples were collected during treatment and for up to 60 days after the end of treatment. Suspected herpetic lesion samples were collected any time a patient experienced lesions of suspected herpetic origin. If the qPCR testing for talimogene laherparepvec DNA was positive, then a TCID50 assay was performed to measure viral infectivity. In the 60 patients treated, data indicate that talimogene laherparepvec DNA was present in all sites during the study (see table 6).
\*\*Table 6. Patients with detectable DNA during treatment\*\*
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Body fluid/site\*\* | \*\*Patients with detectable DNA during treatment (n = 60)\*\* |
| Blood | 59 (98%) |
| Urine | 19 (32%) |
| Injection site | 60 (100%) |
| Exterior of the occlusive dressing | 48 (80%) |
| Oral mucosa | 8 (13%) |
| Anogenital area | 5 (19%)a |
a For the anogenital area, 26 patients were tested for Imlygic DNA.
The proportion of samples and subjects with talimogene laherparepvec DNA was highest during cycle 2 of treatment for the blood, urine, injection site, and occlusive dressings; highest in cycle 1 of treatment for the oral mucosa; and highest in cycles 1 and 2 for the anogenital area. Among patients with detectable talimogene laherparepvec DNA in the blood, urine, oral mucosa, and anogenital area, no samples had detectable talimogene laherparepvec DNA 30 days after the end of treatment. For patients with detectable DNA in injected lesions, no samples had detectable talimogene laherparepvec DNA 60 days after the end of treatment.
Overall 3 of 19 patients with lesions of suspected herpetic origin had talimogene laherparepvec DNA present at any time during the study. Viral activity was measured in samples that were positive for talimogene laherparepvec DNA from the injection site, occlusive dressings, oral mucosa, anogenital area, and suspected herpetic lesions. No viral activity was detected in samples of the occlusive dressings, oral mucosa, anogenital area, and suspected herpetic lesions. Infectious talimogene laherparepvec virus was detected at the site of injection in 7 (11%) patients at multiple time points in the study; no samples were positive for viral infectivity after cycle 2 or after the end of treatment.
Pharmacokinetics in special populations
No pharmacokinetic studies using talimogene laherparepvec have been conducted in special populations.5.3 Preclinical safety data
At doses up to 4 × 108 PFU/kg or 107 PFU/dose (60-fold over the highest proposed clinical dose), single or repeated doses of talimogene laherparepvec administered by SC, IV, or intratumoural injection were well tolerated in immunocompetent mice, rats, and dogs. No neuropathology or adverse neurological effects were observed. In an \*in vivo\* study of intracerebral injection, talimogene laherparepvec was 10 000-fold less neurovirulent as compared to the wild-type HSV-1 dose that results in death 50% of the time in mice.
Talimogene laherparepvec was injected into various xenograft tumours at doses up to 2 × 108 PFU/kg (30-fold over the highest proposed clinical dose) in immunodeficient mice (nude and SCID). Lethal systemic viral infection was observed in up to 20% of nude mice (primarily deficient in T lymphocyte function) and 100% of SCID mice (devoid of both T and B lymphocytes).
Across studies, fatal disseminated viral infection was observed in 14% of nude mice following treatment with talimogene laherparepvec at doses that are 10- to 100-fold higher than those that result in 100% lethality with wild-type HSV-1.
Mutagenicity
The genotoxic potential of talimogene laherparepvec has not been evaluated in long-term animal or human studies. Because wild-type HSV-1 does not integrate into the host genome, the risk of insertional mutagenesis with talimogene laherparepvec is negligible.
Carcinogenicity
The carcinogenic potential of talimogene laherparepvec has not been evaluated in long-term animal or human studies. However, available data for talimogene laherparepvec and wild-type HSV-1 do not indicate a carcinogenic risk in humans.
Reproductive and development toxicity
There were no impacts to male or female reproductive tissues following treatment of adult mice at doses up to 4 × 108 PFU/kg (60-fold higher, on a PFU/kg basis, compared to the maximum clinical dose). No effects on embryo-foetal development were observed when talimogene laherparepvec was administered during organogenesis to pregnant mice at doses up to 4 × 108 (400 million) PFU/kg (60-fold higher, on a PFU/kg basis, compared to the maximum clinical dose). Negligible amounts (< 0.001% of maternal blood levels) of talimogene laherparepvec DNA were found in foetal blood.
- Instruction Pharmaceutical Particulars
- 6.1 List of excipients
Di-sodium phosphate dihydrate
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate
Sodium chloride
Myo-inositol
Sorbitol (E420)
Water for injections6.2 Incompatibilities
In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.6.3 Shelf life
Unopened vial
5 years.
Preparation and storage prior to administration
After thawing, administer Imlygic as soon as practically feasible.
Thawed Imlygic is stable when stored at temperatures of 2°C up to 25°C protected from light in its original vial, in a syringe, or in the original vial followed by a syringe. Do not exceed the storage times specified in table 7 and table 8.
If storing thawed Imlygic in the original vial followed by a syringe:
• The same temperature range should be maintained throughout the duration of storage until administration.
• The storage time in the syringe at ambient temperature up to 25°C cannot exceed 2 hours for 106 (1 million) PFU/mL and 4 hours for 108 (100 million) PFU/mL (see table 7).
• The maximum cumulative storage time (storage time in vial plus storage time in syringe) cannot exceed the durations in table 8.
Imlygic must not be refrozen once it has thawed. Discard any thawed Imlygic in the vial or syringe stored longer than the specified times below.
\*\*Table 7. Maximum storage time for thawed Imlygic in syringe\*\*
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | \*\*106 (1 million) PFU/mL\*\* | \*\*108 (100 million) PFU/mL\*\* |
| \*\*2°C to 8°C\*\* | 8 hours | 8 hours |
| \*\*up to 25°C\*\* | 2 hours | 4 hours |
\*\*Table 8. Maximum cumulative storage time (storage time in vial plus storage time in syringe) for thawed Imlygic\*\*
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | \*\*106 (1 million) PFU/mL\*\* | \*\*108 (100 million) PFU/mL\*\* |
| \*\*2°C to 8°C\*\* | 24 hours | 1 week (7 days) |
| \*\*up to 25°C\*\* | 12 hours | 24 hours |6.4 Special precautions for storage
Store and transport frozen (-90°C to -70°C).
Store in the original carton in order to protect from light.
For storage conditions after thawing of the medicinal product, see section 6.3.6.5 Nature and contents of container
Imlygic is provided as a one mL preservative-free solution in a single–use vial (cyclic olefin polymer plastic resin) with stopper (chlorobutyl elastomer) and seal (aluminium) with flip-off cap (polypropylene) in two different presentations:
| |
| --- |
| \*\*Figure 6. Single-use vial permanently inserted into a clear copolyester plastic sleeve\*\* |
| SMPC\_31351\_image6\_14.png |
| OR |
| \*\*Figure 7. Single-use vial without a clear plastic sleeve\*\* |
| SMPC\_31351\_image7\_14.png |
The vial cap is colour coded: 106 (1 million) PFU/mL is light green and 108 (100 million) PFU/mL is royal blue.6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
Thawing Imlygic vials
• Before use, thaw frozen Imlygic vials at room temperature (20°C to 25°C) until Imlygic is liquid. The time to achieve complete vial thaw is expected to be 30 to 70 minutes, depending on the ambient temperature. Gently swirl. Do NOT shake.
• Vials should be thawed and stored in the original carton until administration in order to protect from light.
Handling and Administration
Follow local guidelines for handling and administration, personal protective equipment, accidental spills, and waste disposal.
• Wear protective gown or laboratory coat, safety glasses, or face shield and gloves while preparing or administering Imlygic. Cover any exposed wounds before administering. Avoid contact with skin, eyes or mucous membranes.
• After administration, change gloves prior to applying occlusive dressings to injected lesions. Wipe the exterior of occlusive dressing with an alcohol wipe. It is recommended to keep injection sites covered with airtight and watertight dressings at all times, if possible. To minimise the risk of viral transmission, patients should keep their injection site covered for at least 8 days from the last treatment or longer if the injection site is weeping or oozing. Advise patients to apply dressing as instructed by the healthcare professional and to replace the dressing if it falls off.
• Dispose of all materials that have come in contact with Imlygic (e.g. vial, syringe, needle, any cotton or gauze) in accordance with local procedures.
Accidental exposure
• In the event of an accidental occupational exposure to Imlygic (e.g. through a splash to the eyes or mucous membranes) during preparation or administration, flush with clean water for at least 15 minutes. In the event of exposure to broken skin or needle stick, clean the affected area thoroughly with soap and water and/or disinfectant.
• Treat all Imlygic spills with a virucidal agent and absorbent materials.
• Advise patients to place used dressings and cleaning materials in a sealed plastic bag as they may be potentially contaminated, and to dispose of the bag in household waste.
This medicine contains genetically modified organisms.
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
- Instruction Content
- ## Composition
\*\*2.1 General description\*\*
Talimogene laherparepvec is an attenuated herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) derived by functional deletion of 2 genes (ICP34.5 and ICP47) and insertion of coding sequence for human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (see section 5.1).
Talimogene laherparepvec is produced in Vero cells by recombinant DNA technology.
\*\*2.2 Qualitative and quantitative composition\*\*
Imlygic 106 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL solution for injection
Each vial contains 1 mL deliverable volume of Imlygic at a nominal concentration of 1 x 106 (1 million) plaque forming units (PFU)/mL.
Imlygic 108 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL solution for injection
Each vial contains 1 mL deliverable volume of Imlygic at a nominal concentration of 1 x 108 (100 million) plaque forming units (PFU)/mL.
Excipient with known effect
Each 1 mL vial contains 7.7 mg sodium and 20 mg sorbitol.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
## Pharmaceutical Form
Solution for injection (injection).
Imlygic 106 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL solution for injection
Clear to semi-translucent liquid following thaw from its frozen state.
It may contain white, visible, variously shaped, virus-containing particles.
Imlygic 108 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL solution for injection
Semi-translucent to opaque liquid following thaw from its frozen state.
It may contain white, visible, variously shaped, virus-containing particles.
## Clinical Particulars
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Imlygic is indicated for the treatment of adults with unresectable melanoma that is regionally or distantly metastatic (Stage IIIB, IIIC and IVM1a) with no bone, brain, lung or other visceral disease (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).4.2 Posology and method of administration
Treatment with talimogene laherparepvec should be initiated and supervised by a qualified physician experienced in the treatment of cancer.
Patients treated with Imlygic must be given the Patient Alert Card and be informed about the risks of the treatment (see also Package leaflet).
Posology
Imlygic is provided in single-use vials of 1 mL each in two different concentrations:
• 106 (1 million) PFU/mL - For initial dose only.
\*•\* 108 (100 million) PFU/mL - For all subsequent doses.
The total injection volume for each treatment visit should be up to a maximum of 4 mL. The initial recommended dose is up to a maximum of 4 mL of Imlygic at a concentration of 106 (1 million) PFU/mL. Subsequent doses should be administered up to 4 mL of Imlygic at a concentration of 108 (100 million) PFU/mL.
The recommended dosing schedule is shown in table 1.
\*\*Table 1. Recommended dosing schedule\*\*
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| \*\*Treatment visit\*\* | \*\*Treatment interval\*\* | \*\*Maximum total injection volume\*\* | \*\*Dose concentrations\*\* | \*\*Prioritisation of lesions to be injected\*\* |
| Initial | - | Up to 4 mL | 106 (1 million) PFU/mL | • Inject largest lesion(s) first. • Prioritise injection of remaining lesions based on lesion size until maximum injection volume is reached. |
| Second | 3 weeks after initial treatment | Up to 4 mL | 108 (100 million) PFU/mL | • First inject any new lesions (lesions that may have developed since initial treatment). • Prioritise injection of remaining lesions based on lesion size until maximum injection volume is reached. |
| All subsequent treatment visits (including re-initiation) | 2 weeks after previous treatment | Up to 4 mL | 108 (100 million) PFU/mL | • First inject any new lesions (lesions that may have developed since previous treatment). • Prioritise injection of remaining lesions based on lesion size until maximum injection volume is reached. |
\*Determining Imlygic dose volume (per lesion)\*
The volume to be injected into each lesion is dependent on the size of the lesion and should be determined according to table 2. The total injection volume for each treatment session should be up to a maximum of 4 mL.
\*\*Table 2. Selection of Imlygic injection volume based on lesion size\*\*
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Lesion size\*\* (longest dimension) | \*\*Imlygic injection volume\*\* |
| > 5 cm | up to 4 mL |
| > 2.5 cm to 5 cm | up to 2 mL |
| > 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm | up to 1 mL |
| > 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm | up to 0.5 mL |
| ≤ 0.5 cm | up to 0.1 mL |
Patients may experience increase in size of existing lesion(s) or the appearance of a new lesion prior to achieving a response. As long as there are injectable lesion(s) remaining, Imlygic should be continued for at least 6 months unless the physician considers that the patient is not benefitting from Imlygic treatment or that other treatment is required.
Imlygic treatment may be reinitiated if new lesions appear following a complete response and the physician considers that the patient will benefit from treatment.
\*Special populations\*
\*Elderly population\*
No adjustment of the dose is required in patients ≥ 65 years old (see section 5.1).
\*Hepatic and renal impairment\*
No clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of hepatic or renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of talimogene laherparepvec. However, no adjustment in dosage is necessary for patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
\*Paediatric population\*
The safety and efficacy of Imlygic in paediatric patients has not been established. Currently available data for paediatric and young adult patients aged 7 to ≤ 21 years with advanced non-central nervous system tumours amenable to direct injection are described in section 5.1.
Method of administration
Imlygic is to be administered by intralesional injection into cutaneous, subcutaneous, and/or nodal lesions that are visible, palpable or detectable by ultrasound guidance.
\*Precautions to be taken before manipulating or administering the medicinal product\*
This medicinal product contains genetically modified organisms. Personal protective equipment should be worn while preparing or administering talimogene laherparepvec (see section 6.6).
Healthcare professionals who are immunocompromised or pregnant should not administer Imlygic and should not come into direct contact with the injection site(s) or body fluids of treated patients (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).
Follow the instructions below to prepare and administer Imlygic to patients:
\*Pre-injection\*
• Thaw Imlygic vial(s) at room temperature. Thawed vials may be stored prior to administration (see section 6.3). For handling of thawed vials, see section 6.6.
• Draw the desired amount of Imlygic from the vial into a syringe using aseptic technique. A 22- to 26-gauge needle is recommended.
• The injection site may be treated with a topical anaesthetic agent. Injectable anaesthetic may be injected around the periphery of the lesion but should not be injected directly into the lesion.
• Clean the lesion and surrounding areas with an alcohol swab and let dry.
\*Injection\*
• Inject Imlygic intralesionally into cutaneous, subcutaneous, and/or nodal lesions that are visible, palpable or detectable by ultrasound guidance.
• Determine injection volume for each lesion using table 2 above.
• Using a single insertion point, inject Imlygic along multiple tracks as far as the radial reach of the needle allows within the lesion to achieve even and complete dispersion. Multiple insertion points may be used if a lesion is larger than the radial reach of the needle.
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cutaneous lesions | Subcutaneous lesions | Nodal lesions |
| SMPC\_31351\_image1\_14.png | SMPC\_31351\_image2\_14.png | SMPC\_31351\_image3\_14.png |
| \*\*Figure 1.\*\* \*\*Injection administration for cutaneous lesions\*\* | \*\*Figure 2.\*\* \*\*Injection administration for subcutaneous lesions\*\* | \*\*Figure 3.\*\* \*\*Injection administration for nodal lesions\*\* |
• Disperse Imlygic evenly and completely within the lesion by pulling the needle back without exiting the lesion. Redirect the needle as many times as necessary while injecting the remainder of the dose. Continue until the full dose is evenly and completely dispersed.
• When removing the needle, withdraw it from the lesion slowly to avoid leakage or splash back of Imlygic at the insertion point.
• Repeat these steps for other lesions that need to be injected. Use a new needle anytime the needle is completely removed from a lesion and each time a different lesion is injected.
\*Post-injection\*
• Apply pressure to the injection site with a sterile gauze for at least 30 seconds.
• Swab the injection site and surrounding area with alcohol, and cover the injected lesion with an absorbent pad and dry occlusive dressing.4.3 Contraindications
• Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to talimogene laherparepvec or any of its excipients.
• Patients who are severely immunocompromised (e.g. patients with severe congenital or acquired cellular and/or humoral immune deficiency) (see section 4.4).4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Traceability
In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded.
Previously treated patients
Efficacy data for Imlygic in the current second or later line treatment settings are limited.
Disseminated herpetic infection
Disseminated herpetic infection, including serious cases of disseminated herpetic infection, have been reported in patients treated with Imlygic (see section 4.8).
Imlygic has not been studied in immunocompromised patients. Based on epidemiological data, immunocompromised patients (such as those with HIV/AIDS, leukaemia, lymphoma, common variable immunodeficiency, or who require chronic high-dose steroids or other immunosuppressive agents) may be at increased risk of disseminated herpetic infection. Consider the risks and benefits of treatment before administering Imlygic to immunocompromised patients.
Based on animal data, patients who are severely immunocompromised may be at an increased risk of disseminated herpetic infection and should not be treated with Imlygic (see sections 4.3 and 5.3).
Accidental exposure to Imlygic
Accidental exposure may lead to transmission of Imlygic and herpetic infection. Healthcare professionals and close contacts (e.g. household members, caregivers, sex partners or persons sharing the same bed) should avoid direct contact with injected lesions or body fluids of treated patients during the entirety of the treatment period and up to 30 days after the last treatment administration (see section 6.6). Accidental needle stick and splashback have been reported in healthcare professionals during preparation and administration.
Close contacts who are pregnant or immunocompromised should not change the patient's dressing or clean their injection site. Pregnant women, neonates, and immunocompromised individuals should not be exposed to potentially contaminated materials.
Healthcare professionals should ensure that patients are able to comply with the requirement to cover injection sites with occlusive dressings (see section 6.6). Patients should also be advised to avoid touching or scratching injection sites as this could lead to inadvertent transfer of Imlygic to other areas of their body or to their close contacts.
Although it is not known if Imlygic could be transmitted through sexual contact, it is known that wild-type HSV-1 can be transmitted through sexual contact. Patients should be advised to use a latex condom during sexual contact to prevent possible transmission of Imlygic. Women of childbearing potential should be advised to use an effective method of contraception to prevent pregnancy during treatment (see section 4.6).
Caregivers should be advised to wear protective gloves when assisting patients in applying or changing occlusive dressings and to observe safety precautions for disposal of used dressings and cleaning materials (see section 6.6).
In the event of an accidental exposure to Imlygic, follow instructions in section 6.6. If signs or symptoms of herpetic infection develop, exposed individuals should contact their healthcare professional. In case suspected herpetic lesions occur, patients, close contacts or healthcare providers have the option of follow-up testing by the Marketing Authorisation Holder for further characterisation of the infection.
Herpetic infection in Imlygic-treated patients
Herpetic infections (including but not limited to cold sores and herpes keratitis) and serious cases of disseminated herpetic infections have been reported in patients treated with Imlygic (see section 4.8). Symptoms of a local or systemic infection possibly related to Imlygic are anticipated to be similar to symptoms caused by wild-type HSV-1 infections.
Individuals with wild-type HSV-1 infection are known to be at a lifelong risk for symptomatic herpetic infection due to reactivation of latent wild-type HSV-1. Symptomatic herpetic infection due to possible reactivation of Imlygic should be considered.
Patients who develop herpetic infections should be advised to follow standard hygienic practices to prevent viral transmission.
Talimogene laherparepvec is sensitive to acyclovir. The risks and benefits of Imlygic treatment should be considered before administering acyclovir or other anti-viral agents indicated for management of herpetic infection. These agents may interfere with the effectiveness of the treatment if administered systemically or topically directly to the injection site.
Information on herpetic lesions is provided in the Patient Alert Card.
Cellulitis at the injection site
Necrosis or ulceration of tumour tissue may occur following Imlygic treatment. Cellulitis and systemic bacterial infection have been reported. Careful wound care and infection precautions are recommended, particularly if tissue necrosis results in open wounds.
Impaired healing at the injection site
In clinical studies, impaired healing at the injection site has been reported. Imlygic may increase the risk of impaired healing in patients with underlying risk factors (e.g. previous radiation at the injection site, or lesions in poorly vascularised areas).
The risks and benefits of Imlygic should be considered before continuing treatment if persistent infection or delayed healing develops.
Immune-mediated events
In clinical studies, immune-mediated events including as glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, pneumonitis, worsening psoriasis, and vitiligo have been reported in patients treated with Imlygic.
The risks and benefits of Imlygic should be considered before initiating treatment in patients who have underlying autoimmune disease or before continuing treatment in patients who develop immune-mediated events.
Plasmacytoma at injection site
Plasmacytoma has been reported in proximity to the injection site after administration of Imlygic. The risks and benefits of Imlygic should be considered in patients with multiple myeloma or in whom plasmacytoma develops during treatment.
Obstructive airway disorder
Obstructive airway disorder has been reported following Imlygic treatment. Caution should be used when injecting lesions close to major airways.
HSV-1 seronegative patients
Patients who were HSV-1 seronegative at baseline were reported to have a greater incidence of pyrexia, chills, and influenza-like illness compared with those who were HSV-1 seropositive at baseline, especially within the period of the first 6 treatments (see section 4.8).
Hepatic haemorrhage from transcutaneous intrahepatic route of administration
Imlygic is not indicated for transcutaneous intrahepatic route of administration. In clinical studies, cases of hepatic haemorrhage resulting in hospitalisation and death have been reported in patients receiving transcutaneous intrahepatic Imlygic injections.
All patients
This medicinal product contains 20 mg sorbitol per 1 mL vial. The additive effect of concomitantly administered products containing sorbitol (or fructose) and dietary intake of sorbitol (or fructose) should be taken into account.
This medicinal product contains 7.7 mg sodium per 1 mL vial, equivalent to 0.4% of the WHO recommended maximum daily intake of 2 g sodium for an adult.4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
No interaction studies have been conducted with Imlygic. Acyclovir and other anti-viral agents may interfere with the effectiveness of the treatment if administered systemically or topically directly to the injection site. Consider the risks and benefits of Imlygic treatment before administering acyclovir or other anti-viral agents indicated for management of herpetic infection.4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Women of childbearing potential/contraception
Women of childbearing potential should be advised to use an effective method of contraception to prevent pregnancy during treatment.
All patients should be advised to use a latex condom during sexual contact to prevent possible transmission of Imlygic (see section 4.4).
Pregnancy
Adequate and well controlled studies with talimogene laherparepvec have not been conducted in pregnant women.
If a pregnant woman has an infection with wild-type HSV-1 (primary or reactivation), there is potential for the virus to cross the placental barrier, and also a risk of transmission during birth due to viral shedding. Infections with wild-type HSV-1 have been associated with serious adverse effects, including multi-organ failure and death, if a foetus or neonate contracts the wild-type herpes infection. While there are no clinical data to date on talimogene laherparepvec infections in pregnant women, there could be a risk to the foetus or neonate if talimogene laherparepvec were to act in the same manner. No effects on embryo-foetal development have been observed in animal studies (see section 5.3). As a precautionary measure, it is preferable to avoid the use of talimogene laherparepvec during pregnancy.
Transplacental metastases of malignant melanoma can occur. Because talimogene laherparepvec is designed to enter and replicate in the tumour tissue, there could be a risk of foetal exposure to talimogene laherparepvec from tumour tissue that has crossed the placenta.
If Imlygic is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking the medicinal product, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazards to the foetus and/or neonate.
Breast-feeding
It is unknown whether talimogene laherparepvec is transferred into human milk. A decision must be made whether to discontinue breast-feeding or to discontinue/abstain from Imlygic therapy taking into account the benefit of breast-feeding for the child and the benefit of therapy for the woman.
Fertility
No clinical studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of talimogene laherparepvec on fertility (see section 5.3).4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Talimogene laherparepvec may have a minor influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Because of potential adverse reactions such as dizziness and confusional state (see section 4.8), patients should be advised to use caution when driving or operating machinery until they are certain that talimogene laherparepvec does not adversely affect them.4.8 Undesirable effects
Summary of the safety profile
The safety of Imlygic was evaluated in the pivotal study where 292 patients received at least 1 dose of Imlygic (see section 5.1). The median duration of exposure to Imlygic was 23 weeks (5.3 months). Twenty-six (26) patients were exposed to Imlygic for at least one year.
The most commonly reported adverse reactions (≥ 25%) in Imlygic-treated patients were fatigue (50.3%), chills (48.6%), pyrexia (42.8%), nausea (35.6%), influenza-like illness (30.5%), and injection site pain (27.7%). Overall, 98% of these adverse reactions reported were mild or moderate in severity. The most common grade 3 or higher adverse reaction was cellulitis (2.1%) (see section 4.4).
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
Adverse reactions were determined based on clinical trials in patients with melanoma treated with Imlygic compared to GM-CSF and post-marketing experience. Incidence of adverse reactions are presented by system organ class and by frequency. Frequencies are defined as: very common (≥ 1/10), common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10) and uncommon (≥ 1/1000 to < 1/100). Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
\*\*Table 3. Adverse reactions from clinical trials in patients with melanoma and post-marketing experience\*\*
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Infections and infestations\*\* | |
| Common | Cellulitis\\*, Herpes infections\\*\\* |
| Uncommon | Incision site infection |
| \*\*Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (including cysts and polyps)\*\* | |
| Common | Tumour pain, Infected neoplasm |
| Uncommon | Plasmacytoma at injection site\\* |
| \*\*Blood and lymphatic system disorders\*\* | |
| Very common | Oedema peripheral |
| Common | Anaemia |
| \*\*Immune system disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Immune-mediated events†\\* |
| Uncommon | Hypersensitivity |
| \*\*Metabolism and nutrition disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Dehydration |
| \*\*Nervous system disorders\*\* | |
| Very common | Headache |
| Common | Confusional state, Anxiety, Depression, Dizziness, Insomnia |
| \*\*Eye disorders\*\* | |
| Uncommon | Keratitis herpetic |
| \*\*Ear and labyrinth disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Ear pain |
| \*\*Cardiac disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Tachycardia |
| \*\*Vascular disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Deep vein thrombosis, Hypertension, Flushing |
| \*\*Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders\*\* | |
| Very common | Cough |
| Common | Dyspnoea, Oropharyngeal pain, Upper respiratory tract infection |
| Uncommon | Obstructive airways disorder |
| \*\*Gastrointestinal disorders\*\* | |
| Very common | Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Constipation, Nausea |
| Common | Abdominal pain, Abdominal discomfort |
| \*\*Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders\*\* | |
| Common | Vitiligo, Rash, Dermatitis |
| Uncommon | Granulomatous dermatitis |
| \*\*Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders\*\* | |
| Very common | Myalgia, Arthralgia, Pain in extremity |
| Common | Back pain, Groin pain |
| \*\*General disorders and administration site conditions\*\* | |
| Very common | Influenza-like illness\\*, Pyrexia, Chills, Fatigue, Pain, Injection site reactions§ |
| Common | Malaise, Axillary pain |
| \*\*Investigations\*\* | |
| Common | Weight decreased |
| \*\*Injury, poisoning and procedural complications\*\* | |
| Common | Wound complication, Wound secretion, Contusion, Procedural pain |
§ Injection site reactions include: very common term of injection site pain, common terms of injection site erythema, injection site haemorrhage, injection site swelling, injection site reaction, injection site inflammation, secretion discharge, injection site discharge, uncommon term of injection site warmth.
† Immune-mediated events include: uncommon terms of vasculitis, pneumonitis, worsening psoriasis and glomerulonephritis.
\\* See Description of selected adverse reactions
\\*\\*Herpetic infections (including, but not limited to Oral herpes)
Description of selected adverse reactions
\*Immune-mediated events\*
Immune-mediated events reported in the pivotal clinical study included a case of worsening psoriasis in a patient with a prior history of psoriasis, one case of pneumonitis in a patient with a prior history of autoimmune disease, one case of vasculitis, and two cases of glomerulonephritis of which one presented with acute renal failure.
\*Plasmacytoma\*
In clinical trials, one case of plasmacytoma at injection site was observed in a patient who was found to have multiple myeloma.
\*Cellulitis\*
In the pivotal clinical trial (study 005/05), events of cellulitis were recorded, some of them being considered as serious adverse events. However, none lead to permanent discontinuation of Imlygic treatment. Careful wound care and infection precautions are recommended, particularly if tissue necrosis results in open wounds.
\*Influenza-like symptoms\*
Ninety percent (90%) of patients treated with Imlygic experienced influenza-like symptoms. Pyrexia, chills, and influenza-like illness, which can occur any time during treatment, generally resolved within 72 hours. These events were reported more frequently within the period of the first 6 treatments, particularly in patients who were HSV-1 negative at baseline.
Paediatric population
A paediatric phase 1 clinical trial (study 20110261) was conducted in 15 paediatric and young adult patients aged 7 to ≤ 21 years with advanced non-central nervous system tumours amenable to direct injection (see section 5.1). The safety data was consistent with the patients' underlying disease and the known safety profile of talimogene laherparepvec in adults.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via:
\*\*United Kingdom\*\*
Yellow Card Scheme
Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store4.9 Overdose
There is no clinical experience with overdose with Imlygic. Doses up to 4 mL at a concentration of 108 PFU/mL every 2 weeks have been administered in clinical trials with no evidence of dose limiting toxicity. The maximum dose that can be safely administered has not been determined. In the event of a suspected overdose or inadvertent intravenous administration, the patient should be treated symptomatically, e.g. with acyclovir or other anti-viral agents (see section 4.4) and supportive measures instituted as required.
## Pharmacological Properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antineoplastic cell and gene therapy, ATC code: L01XL02.
Mechanism of action
Talimogene laherparepvec is an oncolytic immunotherapy that is derived from HSV-1. Talimogene laherparepvec has been modified to replicate within tumours and to produce the immune stimulatory protein human GM-CSF. Talimogene laherparepvec causes the death of tumour cells and the release of tumour-derived antigens. It is thought that together with GM-CSF, it will promote a systemic anti-tumour immune response and an effector T-cell response. Mice that had complete regression of their primary tumours following treatment were resistant to subsequent tumour re-challenge.
The modifications to talimogene laherparepvec from HSV-1 include deletion of ICP34.5 and ICP47. Whereas anti-viral immune responses defend normal cells following infection by talimogene laherparepvec, tumours have been shown to be susceptible to injury and cell death from ICP34.5-deficient HSV-1 viruses, including talimogene laherparepvec. Deletion of ICP47 prevents down-regulation of antigen presentation molecules and increases the expression of HSV US11 gene, thereby enhancing viral replication in tumour cells.
Clinical efficacy and safety
\*Study 005/05\*
The safety and efficacy of Imlygic monotherapy compared with subcutaneously administered GM-CSF were evaluated in a phase 3, multinational, open-label, and randomised clinical study of patients with stage IIIB, IIIC, and IV melanoma that was not considered to be surgically resectable. Previous systemic treatment for melanoma was allowed but not required. Patients with active brain metastases, bone metastases, extensive visceral disease, primary ocular or mucosal melanoma, evidence of immunosuppression, or receiving treatment with a systemic anti-herpetic agent were excluded from the study.
Patients were randomised in a 2:1 ratio to receive either Imlygic or GM-CSF (N = 436; 295 Imlygic, 141 GM-CSF). Imlygic was administered by intralesional injection at an initial concentration of 106 (1 million) PFU/mL on day 1, followed by a concentration of 108 (100 million) PFU/mL on day 21 and every 2 weeks thereafter at a dose of up to 4 mL. GM-CSF was administered subcutaneously at 125 mcg/m2 delivered daily for 14 days followed by a 14-day rest period in repeating intervals.
To allow for delayed immune-mediated anti-tumour effects to occur, patients were treated for a minimum of 6 months or until there were no longer any injectable lesions. During this period, treatment was to continue despite an increase in size in existing lesion(s) and/or development of new lesion(s) unless the patient developed intolerable toxicity or the investigator believed that it was in the best interest of the patient to stop treatment or to be given other therapy for melanoma. After 6 months of treatment, patients were to continue treatment until clinically relevant disease progression (i.e. disease progression associated with a decline in performance status and/or alternative therapy was required in the opinion of the investigator). Patients experiencing a response at 12 months of treatment could continue treatment for up to an additional 6 months. The mean (SD) treatment duration for the intent-to-treat (ITT) population was 15.76 weeks (15.79) in the GM-CSF arm and 26.83 weeks (18.39) in the Imlygic arm. The primary endpoint was durable response rate (DRR) [defined as the percent of patients with complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) maintained continuously for a minimum of 6 months] per blinded central review. The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR) [PR+CR], time to response, duration of response, and time to treatment failure (time from randomisation until the first episode of clinically relevant disease progression where there is no response achieved after the progression event, or until death).
The mean age was 63 (range: 22 to 94) years; 26.5% were over 65 years old and 23.3% were over 74 years old. The majority of patients, 98%, were caucasian. Male patients comprised 57% of study population and 70% of patients were baseline ECOG 0 performance status. Of the enrolled patients, 22% had stage IV M1c disease and 53% of patients had received prior therapy for melanoma such as chemotherapy and cytokine-based immunotherapy in addition to surgery, adjuvant therapy or radiation. Overall, 58% of all patients enrolled into the study were seropositive for wild-type HSV-1 at baseline and 32.6% were seronegative; the HSV-1 serostatus of the remaining 9.4% was unknown.
The difference in DRR between Imlygic and GM-CSF in the ITT population was statistically significant (see table 4) in favour of Imlygic.
\*\*Table 4. Summary of results for the ITT population from Imlygic study 005/05\*\*
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | \*\*Study endpoint\*\* | \*\*Imlygic N = 295\*\* | \*\*GM-CSF N = 141\*\* |
| Durable response rate | Primary | 16.3% (n = 48) (95% CI: 12.1, 20.5) | 2.1% (n = 3) (95% CI: 0.0, 4.5) |
| Odds ratio 8.9; (95% CI: 2.7, 29.2) p < 0.0001 | |
| Overall response rate (% CR, % PR) | Secondary | 26.4% (n = 78) (95% CI: 21.4%, 31.5%) (10.8% CR, 15.6% PR) | 5.7% (n = 8) (95% CI: 1.9%, 9.5%) (0.7% CR, 5% PR) |
| Overall survival | Secondary | Median 23.3 (95% CI: 19.5, 29.6) months | Median 18.9 (95% CI: 16.0, 23.7) months |
| HR: 0.79; (95% CI: 0.62, 1.00) p = 0.051 | |
| Duration of response (ongoing response at last tumour evaluation) | Secondary | Not reached (Range: > 0.0 to > 16.8 months) | Median 2.8 months (Range: 1.2 to > 14.9 months) |
| HR: 0.46; (95% CI: 0.35, 0.60) | |
| Time to response (median) | Secondary | 4.1 months | 3.7 months |
| Time to treatment failure (median) | Secondary | 8.2 months (95% CI: 6.5, 9.9) | 2.9 months (95% CI: 2.8, 4.0) |
| HR: 0.42; (95% CI: 0.32, 0.54) | |
Among the Imlygic-treated responders, 56 (72%) responses were still ongoing at the time of primary analysis. Of the responders, 42 (54%) experienced a ≥ 25% increase in overall size of existing lesion(s) and/or developed a new lesion(s) prior to ultimately achieving a response.
In an analysis to evaluate systemic activity of Imlygic, 27 of 79 patients (34.2%) had a ≥ 50% overall decrease in non-visceral lesions that were not injected with Imlygic, and 8 of 71 patients (11.3%) had a ≥ 50% overall decrease in visceral lesions that were not injected with Imlygic.
\*\*Figure 4. Kaplan-Meier plot –overall survival (ITT population)\*\*
No overall differences in safety or efficacy were observed between elderly (≥ 65 years old) and younger adult patients.
\*Exploratory subgroups\*
Exploratory subgroup analyses for DRR and overall survival by stage of disease were also carried out (see figure 5 and table 5). While the pivotal study was not powered to evaluate efficacy in these individual subgroups, patients with no visceral disease derived greater benefit from Imlygic treatment than those with more advanced disease.
\*\*Table 5. Summary of results from exploratory subgroup analysis from Imlygic study 005/05\*\*
| | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | \*\*DRR, (%)\*\* | | \*\*ORR, (%)\*\* | | \*\*OS (hazard ratio)\*\* |
| \*\*Imlygic\*\* | \*\*GM-CSF\*\* | \*\*Imlygic\*\* | \*\*GM-CSF\*\* | \*\*Imlygic vs GM-CSF\*\* |
| Stage§ IIIB/IIIC/ stage IVM1a (Imlygic, n = 163; GM-CSF, n = 86) | 25.2 | 1.2 | 40.5 | 2.3 | 0.57, (95% CI: 0.40, 0.80); |
| Stage§ IVM1B/ IVM1C (Imlygic, n = 131; GM-CSF, n = 55) | 5.3 | 3.6 | 9.2 | 10.9 | 1.07, (95% CI: 0.75, 1.52); |
§ American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging 6th edition.
\*\*Figure 5. Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall survival by randomised treatment arm for disease stage IIIB/IIIC/ stage IVM1a (exploratory subgroup analysis)\*\*
Censor indicated by vertical bar ׀
NE = not estimable
Due to the exploratory nature of the analysis and based on the current evidence, it has not been established that Imlygic is associated with an effect on overall survival.
Paediatric population
One phase 1, multi-centre, open-label, dose de-escalation clinical trial (study 20110261) evaluated the safety and efficacy of talimogene laherparepvec in paediatric patients with advanced non-central nervous system tumours that were amenable to direct injection. A total of 15 paediatric and young adult patients aged 7 to ≤ 21 years, divided in two cohorts; cohort A1 (13 patients aged 12 to ≤ 21 years) and cohort B1 (2 patients aged 7 to < 12 years) received talimogene laherparepvec during the study. The dosing schedule was consistent with the recommended adult talimogene laherparepvec dose.
Thirteen patients were included in the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) analysis set. No patient had a DLT during the DLT evaluation period. Overall, all patients (15 patients, 100.0%) had at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event, and 8 patients (53.3 %) had grade ≥ 3 adverse events.
No responses were observed, ORR per modified irRC-RECIST was 0% (95% CI: 0.0, 21.8).5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Talimogene laherparepvec is a genetically modified and replication-competent HSV-1 virus. Therefore, its pharmacokinetics and biodistribution are driven by the site of intralesional injection, tumour-selective replication, and release from tumour tissue.
Absorption
Cellular uptake of talimogene laherparepvec occurs through HSV-1 receptors on tumours and non-tumour cells following local injection into tumours. As talimogene laherparepvec is injected and replicates intratumourally, bioavailability and systemic concentration of talimogene laherparepvec are not predictive of drug substance activity and therefore have not been evaluated.
Metabolism/elimination
Talimogene laherparepvec is cleared through general host-defence mechanisms (e.g. autophagy, adaptive immune responses). Talimogene laherparepvec is degraded by typical endogenous protein and DNA catabolic pathways. As with other wild-type HSV-1 infections, a latent pool of talimogene laherparepvec DNA may persist in neuronal cell bodies innervating the injection sites; therefore, the occurrence of latent infection with talimogene laherparepvec cannot be excluded.
Biodistribution (within the body) and viral shedding (excretion/secretion)
Talimogene laherparepvec DNA was quantified with a highly sensitive and specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay which may not correlate with viral infectivity risk. Talimogene laherparepvec was also quantified in selected patient samples in clinical studies using viral infectivity assays at the injection sites and in some cases of potential herpetic lesions.
\*Clinical biodistribution, elimination, and shedding\*
The biodistribution and shedding of intralesionally administered talimogene laherparepvec were investigated in a clinical study that measured talimogene laherparepvec DNA in blood, urine, injection site, exterior of the occlusive dressings, oral mucosa, anogenital area, and suspected herpetic lesions. Sixty patients with melanoma received Imlygic intralesional injection at a dose and schedule same as clinical study 005/05 (see section 5.1). Occlusive dressings samples were collected during treatment. Blood and urine samples were collected during treatment and for up to 30 days after the end of treatment. Injection site, oral mucosa, and anogenital area samples were collected during treatment and for up to 60 days after the end of treatment. Suspected herpetic lesion samples were collected any time a patient experienced lesions of suspected herpetic origin. If the qPCR testing for talimogene laherparepvec DNA was positive, then a TCID50 assay was performed to measure viral infectivity. In the 60 patients treated, data indicate that talimogene laherparepvec DNA was present in all sites during the study (see table 6).
\*\*Table 6. Patients with detectable DNA during treatment\*\*
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Body fluid/site\*\* | \*\*Patients with detectable DNA during treatment (n = 60)\*\* |
| Blood | 59 (98%) |
| Urine | 19 (32%) |
| Injection site | 60 (100%) |
| Exterior of the occlusive dressing | 48 (80%) |
| Oral mucosa | 8 (13%) |
| Anogenital area | 5 (19%)a |
a For the anogenital area, 26 patients were tested for Imlygic DNA.
The proportion of samples and subjects with talimogene laherparepvec DNA was highest during cycle 2 of treatment for the blood, urine, injection site, and occlusive dressings; highest in cycle 1 of treatment for the oral mucosa; and highest in cycles 1 and 2 for the anogenital area. Among patients with detectable talimogene laherparepvec DNA in the blood, urine, oral mucosa, and anogenital area, no samples had detectable talimogene laherparepvec DNA 30 days after the end of treatment. For patients with detectable DNA in injected lesions, no samples had detectable talimogene laherparepvec DNA 60 days after the end of treatment.
Overall 3 of 19 patients with lesions of suspected herpetic origin had talimogene laherparepvec DNA present at any time during the study. Viral activity was measured in samples that were positive for talimogene laherparepvec DNA from the injection site, occlusive dressings, oral mucosa, anogenital area, and suspected herpetic lesions. No viral activity was detected in samples of the occlusive dressings, oral mucosa, anogenital area, and suspected herpetic lesions. Infectious talimogene laherparepvec virus was detected at the site of injection in 7 (11%) patients at multiple time points in the study; no samples were positive for viral infectivity after cycle 2 or after the end of treatment.
Pharmacokinetics in special populations
No pharmacokinetic studies using talimogene laherparepvec have been conducted in special populations.5.3 Preclinical safety data
At doses up to 4 × 108 PFU/kg or 107 PFU/dose (60-fold over the highest proposed clinical dose), single or repeated doses of talimogene laherparepvec administered by SC, IV, or intratumoural injection were well tolerated in immunocompetent mice, rats, and dogs. No neuropathology or adverse neurological effects were observed. In an \*in vivo\* study of intracerebral injection, talimogene laherparepvec was 10 000-fold less neurovirulent as compared to the wild-type HSV-1 dose that results in death 50% of the time in mice.
Talimogene laherparepvec was injected into various xenograft tumours at doses up to 2 × 108 PFU/kg (30-fold over the highest proposed clinical dose) in immunodeficient mice (nude and SCID). Lethal systemic viral infection was observed in up to 20% of nude mice (primarily deficient in T lymphocyte function) and 100% of SCID mice (devoid of both T and B lymphocytes).
Across studies, fatal disseminated viral infection was observed in 14% of nude mice following treatment with talimogene laherparepvec at doses that are 10- to 100-fold higher than those that result in 100% lethality with wild-type HSV-1.
Mutagenicity
The genotoxic potential of talimogene laherparepvec has not been evaluated in long-term animal or human studies. Because wild-type HSV-1 does not integrate into the host genome, the risk of insertional mutagenesis with talimogene laherparepvec is negligible.
Carcinogenicity
The carcinogenic potential of talimogene laherparepvec has not been evaluated in long-term animal or human studies. However, available data for talimogene laherparepvec and wild-type HSV-1 do not indicate a carcinogenic risk in humans.
Reproductive and development toxicity
There were no impacts to male or female reproductive tissues following treatment of adult mice at doses up to 4 × 108 PFU/kg (60-fold higher, on a PFU/kg basis, compared to the maximum clinical dose). No effects on embryo-foetal development were observed when talimogene laherparepvec was administered during organogenesis to pregnant mice at doses up to 4 × 108 (400 million) PFU/kg (60-fold higher, on a PFU/kg basis, compared to the maximum clinical dose). Negligible amounts (< 0.001% of maternal blood levels) of talimogene laherparepvec DNA were found in foetal blood.
## Pharmaceutical Particulars
6.1 List of excipients
Di-sodium phosphate dihydrate
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate
Sodium chloride
Myo-inositol
Sorbitol (E420)
Water for injections6.2 Incompatibilities
In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.6.3 Shelf life
Unopened vial
5 years.
Preparation and storage prior to administration
After thawing, administer Imlygic as soon as practically feasible.
Thawed Imlygic is stable when stored at temperatures of 2°C up to 25°C protected from light in its original vial, in a syringe, or in the original vial followed by a syringe. Do not exceed the storage times specified in table 7 and table 8.
If storing thawed Imlygic in the original vial followed by a syringe:
• The same temperature range should be maintained throughout the duration of storage until administration.
• The storage time in the syringe at ambient temperature up to 25°C cannot exceed 2 hours for 106 (1 million) PFU/mL and 4 hours for 108 (100 million) PFU/mL (see table 7).
• The maximum cumulative storage time (storage time in vial plus storage time in syringe) cannot exceed the durations in table 8.
Imlygic must not be refrozen once it has thawed. Discard any thawed Imlygic in the vial or syringe stored longer than the specified times below.
\*\*Table 7. Maximum storage time for thawed Imlygic in syringe\*\*
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | \*\*106 (1 million) PFU/mL\*\* | \*\*108 (100 million) PFU/mL\*\* |
| \*\*2°C to 8°C\*\* | 8 hours | 8 hours |
| \*\*up to 25°C\*\* | 2 hours | 4 hours |
\*\*Table 8. Maximum cumulative storage time (storage time in vial plus storage time in syringe) for thawed Imlygic\*\*
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | \*\*106 (1 million) PFU/mL\*\* | \*\*108 (100 million) PFU/mL\*\* |
| \*\*2°C to 8°C\*\* | 24 hours | 1 week (7 days) |
| \*\*up to 25°C\*\* | 12 hours | 24 hours |6.4 Special precautions for storage
Store and transport frozen (-90°C to -70°C).
Store in the original carton in order to protect from light.
For storage conditions after thawing of the medicinal product, see section 6.3.6.5 Nature and contents of container
Imlygic is provided as a one mL preservative-free solution in a single–use vial (cyclic olefin polymer plastic resin) with stopper (chlorobutyl elastomer) and seal (aluminium) with flip-off cap (polypropylene) in two different presentations:
| |
| --- |
| \*\*Figure 6. Single-use vial permanently inserted into a clear copolyester plastic sleeve\*\* |
| SMPC\_31351\_image6\_14.png |
| OR |
| \*\*Figure 7. Single-use vial without a clear plastic sleeve\*\* |
| SMPC\_31351\_image7\_14.png |
The vial cap is colour coded: 106 (1 million) PFU/mL is light green and 108 (100 million) PFU/mL is royal blue.6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
Thawing Imlygic vials
• Before use, thaw frozen Imlygic vials at room temperature (20°C to 25°C) until Imlygic is liquid. The time to achieve complete vial thaw is expected to be 30 to 70 minutes, depending on the ambient temperature. Gently swirl. Do NOT shake.
• Vials should be thawed and stored in the original carton until administration in order to protect from light.
Handling and Administration
Follow local guidelines for handling and administration, personal protective equipment, accidental spills, and waste disposal.
• Wear protective gown or laboratory coat, safety glasses, or face shield and gloves while preparing or administering Imlygic. Cover any exposed wounds before administering. Avoid contact with skin, eyes or mucous membranes.
• After administration, change gloves prior to applying occlusive dressings to injected lesions. Wipe the exterior of occlusive dressing with an alcohol wipe. It is recommended to keep injection sites covered with airtight and watertight dressings at all times, if possible. To minimise the risk of viral transmission, patients should keep their injection site covered for at least 8 days from the last treatment or longer if the injection site is weeping or oozing. Advise patients to apply dressing as instructed by the healthcare professional and to replace the dressing if it falls off.
• Dispose of all materials that have come in contact with Imlygic (e.g. vial, syringe, needle, any cotton or gauze) in accordance with local procedures.
Accidental exposure
• In the event of an accidental occupational exposure to Imlygic (e.g. through a splash to the eyes or mucous membranes) during preparation or administration, flush with clean water for at least 15 minutes. In the event of exposure to broken skin or needle stick, clean the affected area thoroughly with soap and water and/or disinfectant.
• Treat all Imlygic spills with a virucidal agent and absorbent materials.
• Advise patients to place used dressings and cleaning materials in a sealed plastic bag as they may be potentially contaminated, and to dispose of the bag in household waste.
This medicine contains genetically modified organisms.
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
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