WHO Deploys 2,160 Experimental Sudan Ebolavirus Vaccine Doses in Uganda Amid New Outbreak Concerns

In a proactive response to a potential new Sudan ebolavirus outbreak, the World Health Organization (WHO) has deployed 2,160 doses of an experimental vaccine to Uganda's capital, Kampala. The intervention comes as health authorities monitor 45 close contacts of a nurse who has been confirmed positive for the virus.

The experimental vaccine, IAVI C108 (rVSVΔG-SUDV-GP), developed by IAVI, represents a crucial tool in the fight against a virus that has historically shown case fatality rates ranging from 41% to 100%. The vaccine doses will be offered to identified close contacts, including healthcare workers and family members who are currently under monitoring for Sudan Ebolavirus disease (SVD) symptoms.

Emergency Response and Funding

WHO has strengthened its support by allocating $1 million from its Contingency Fund for Emergencies to accelerate outbreak control efforts. This funding comes at a critical time, as Uganda has no access to approved treatments or vaccines for Sudan ebolavirus.

Historical Context and Disease Burden

Uganda's history with SVD includes five previous outbreaks, with the most recent occurring between September 2022 and January 2023. That outbreak resulted in 164 cases and 77 deaths, highlighting the severe nature of the disease. During the 2022-2023 outbreak, WHO assembled a committee of external experts to evaluate potential vaccine candidates for clinical trials in Uganda.

Understanding Sudan Ebolavirus

Sudan virus, belonging to the Orthoebolavirus Sudanese species, causes severe illness in humans and other primates. While there are currently no approved treatments or vaccines, early supportive therapy has proven effective in reducing mortality rates. Multiple vaccine candidates are currently undergoing clinical research as of February 2025.

Additional Public Health Considerations

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has also included Uganda in recent travel health advisories for polio and mpox, recommending complete immunization for travelers planning to visit the country in 2025. These multiple public health challenges underscore the importance of comprehensive disease surveillance and prevention strategies in the region.