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Using Baby Books to Promote Maternal and Child Health

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Condition 3 - Control Condition (No-book Group)
Condition 1 - Educational Condition (Educational Book Group)
Condition 2 - Non-educational Condition (Non-educational Book Group)
Interventions
Behavioral: Educational Content/Pediatric Anticipatory Guidance
Behavioral: Book provision
Registration Number
NCT02203617
Lead Sponsor
Vanderbilt University
Brief Summary

The Baby Books Project tests whether embedding educational information into baby books can improve the health and wellbeing of first-time mothers and their young children.

Detailed Description

This study tests the efficacy of embedding educational information (i.e., pediatric anticipatory guidance) into baby books that first-time mothers read to their infants. This 3-group longitudinal study recruited first-time mothers in their third trimester of pregnancy, randomly assigned them to conditions, and followed them until the child was 18 months of age. One group received educational baby books, another group was given the same illustrated books with non-educational text, and the third group was not given any books. Thus, the effects of educational reading could be parsed from the effects of reading alone. The study aimed to test whether embedding pediatric anticipatory guidance in picture books is an effective method for increasing maternal knowledge of child development, parenting strategies, and safety practices, improving parenting beliefs and attitudes (e.g., parenting efficacy, importance of reading, use of corporal punishment), supporting optimal parenting practices (e.g., breastfeeding and nutrition, responsiveness, safety practices), improving maternal health (stress, depression), and supporting children's healthier development (injuries, illness, immunizations, and linguistic, social, and cognitive development).

Survey and observational data collection occurred in participants' homes during their third trimester of pregnancy and when their child was 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age. Twelve phone call interviews were conducted between these home visits. When children were 18 months, a retrospective medical chart audit was conducted.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
Female
Target Recruitment
198
Inclusion Criteria
  • Women who are pregnant with first child and able to read in English at a first grade reading level
Exclusion Criteria
  • Women with other children, men, those not able to read in English at a first grade level

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
SINGLE_GROUP
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
educational baby booksBook provisionbooks embedded with educational information (pediatric anticipatory guidance)
educational baby booksEducational Content/Pediatric Anticipatory Guidancebooks embedded with educational information (pediatric anticipatory guidance)
non-educational baby booksBook provisionbaby books given with same illustrations but no educational information
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change in knowledge of child development and parentingChange from Baseline (pregnancy) to 18 months postpartum

Measured with Opinions about Babies questionnaire

Change in Reading PracticesChange from 2 to 18 months postpartum

Self-reported joint reading practices

CostsCumulative costs over study duration

Maternal costs due to their own and their child's illness/injury, use of substances, and purchase of food was measured with the Incurred Cost Questionnaire.

Parenting StressChange from 2 to 18 months post-partum

Measured with the Parenting Stress Index

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Beliefs about the Importance of Reading to ChildrenChange from baseline (prenatal) to 18 months postpartum

Maternal beliefs about the importance of reading was measured with the Modified Parent Reading Belief Inventory

Injuries and illnesses16 months (from 2 to 18 months postpartum)

Child illnesses injuries were measured with the Incurred Cost Questionnaire and through a retrospective medical chart audit.

Home environment and parentingChange from 2 to 18 months postpartum

measured with the Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME).

Infant nutrition2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months postpartum

Infant Nutrition Interview measured the introduction of news foods, types of foods, and serving portions at each time point.

Breastfeeding intentions and practicesprenatal and postnatal every visit until no longer breastfeeding

measured with the Breastfeeding Intentions and Practices Scale

Reading self-efficacyChange from 2 to 18 months postpartum

measured with the Reading Self-Efficacy Scale

Immunizations, medical visits, and growth status18 months postpartum

measured through a retrospective medical chart audit.

Cognitive Development12 and 18 months postpartum

measured with Exploratory Play Task

Safety Practices2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months postpartum

Measured with the Home Safety Assessment, an observational and self-report measure of safety practices in the home, car, and outside

Maternal Depressive SymptomsChange from baseline (pregnancy) to 18 months postpartum

Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

Quality of Parent-Child InteractionChange from 2 to 18 months postpartum

Video recording and in-vivo coding of mother-child dyads during play and reading.

Attitudes about Corporal punishment2, 6, 12 and 18 months postpartum

Adolescent-Adult Parenting Inventory

Parenting SatisfactionChange from 2 to 18 months postpartum

measured with the Parenting Satisfaction Scale

Cognitive and neurological development screening4, 6, 9 months postpartum

Measured with the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS)

Parenting Self-EfficacyChange from 2 to 18 months postpartum

Measured with the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale

Receptive and Expressive languageChange from 6 to 18 months postpartum

Measured with the Preschool Language Scale - Fourth Edition (PLS4).

Pregnancy uplifts and HasslesBaselines (pregnancy)

measured with the Pregnancy Experience Scale

Trial Locations

Locations (2)

Vanderbilt University

🇺🇸

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

University of California, Irvine

🇺🇸

Irvine, California, United States

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