To evaluate the add-on effect of therapeutic ultrasound with Jambeera pinda sweda in cervical radiculopathy-A comparative study

Cervical radiculopathy (CR) is a condition where the nerve root of the cervical spine is compressed or impaired which causes pain and symptoms to radiate beyond neck region towards the arms, scapular region and shoulders.Less frequent than lumbar radiculopathies, cervical radiculopathy occurs at prevalence rate of 1.2 to 5.8 per 1000 persons. In younger patients, typically in their 30s and 40s, disc trauma and herniation are the most common cause of impingement.Cervical radiculopathy has similarity in presentation with Vishwachi, a Vatavyadhi wherein the Vayu afflicts the Kandaras extending from the Bahu Prishta to Hasta causing Karmakshaya of the Bahu. As Greeva as its Adhishtana which is a Kapha Sthana, the initial phase is associated with Kaphavarana, (stiffness is dominant) followed by a chronic stage of Dhatukshaya.

Therapeutic ultrasound is a technique of deep tissue heating where sound waves are utilized to elevate tissue temperature. The heat shock response inhibits the inflammatory pathway, and pain is reduced through the pain gate mechanism. The thermal and mechanical effects promote muscle relaxation, improve circulation, and reduce pain and stiffness of the cervical muscles. It also promotes collagen synthesis and fibroblast activity, thereby stimulating soft tissue repair and relieving pain.

Jambeera Pinda Sweda, a modified Sankara Sweda, using a bolus prepared with lemon (Citrus limon), turmeric, and rock salt, delivers both thermal and pharmacological effects. Jambira has Amla Rasa, Usha Virya, Laghu Thikshna guna which causes Shamana of Vata Kapha Dosha. Lemon contains essential oils like limonene and Ascorbic acid, which have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and fibroblast-stimulating properties in experimental studies. These effects align with the mechanisms by which ultrasound therapy promotes musculoskeletal healing. Both methods enhance microcirculation, reduce inflammation, and support connective tissue repair, though one uses electromagnetic energy while the other uses herbal heat application.

Several studies prove the effect of Jambeera pinda sweda and TUS in cervical radiculopathy but no studies have been done to evaluate their combined effect. This study is of immense value to the Ayurvedic fraternity as it evaluates Jambeera Pinda sweda as a standalone therapy and in combination with ultrasound therapy thereby examining the impact of contemporary interventions on traditional wisdom.