Effects of Different Dual-Task Exercises on Motor and Cognitive Functions in Children With Mild Mental Retardation
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 33
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of motor-motor and motor-cognitive dual-task exercises applied to children with mild mental retardation on their functional mobility, balance, cognitive function, and quality of life.
详细描述
Physical activity is a cornerstone of health and social well-being across all age groups. It holds significant physical, psychological, and social importance throughout an individual's life. Particularly in childhood, physical activity plays a critical role in shaping growth and development, enhancing cognitive functions, and establishing healthy habits that persist into adulthood. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the importance of physical activity for all age groups, highlighting its positive effects on children's cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, bone health, mental health, cognitive functions, academic performance, and obesity prevention.
Children with mental retardation exhibit developmental delays across multiple domains compared to their typically developing peers. Mental retardation not only affects language, comprehension, learning, and socialization skills but also impairs motor abilities. These motor deficits contribute to reduced physical activity levels, increased sedentary behavior, and associated physical and psychological problems, which further restrict motor skill development. This cyclical relationship among mental retardation, motor function, and physical inactivity leads to decreased functionality, balance, strength, endurance, fitness, and flexibility. Consequently, children with mental retardation face challenges in daily activities and reduced quality of life.
In order to address these challenges, it is essential to implement exercise programs that target cognitive, social, and physical development in children with mental retardation. Performing daily movements often requires simultaneous execution of motor and cognitive tasks, known as dual-task activities. However, mental retardation significantly impairs the ability to perform such dual tasks. Existing literature indicates that dual-task interventions can improve balance, functional mobility, gait, and cognitive performance.
The current study aims to investigate the effects of dual-task exercise programs on motor and cognitive functions in children with mild mental retardation. Specifically, it examines whether motor-motor and motor-cognitive dual-task exercises improve these functions compared to a control group receiving standard walking and balance exercises. The intervention will be conducted over six weeks, with assessments performed before and after the program to measure motor skills, cognitive function, and quality of life.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
盲法说明
his study is a three-arm, randomized controlled interventional trial involving children aged 8-12 with mild mental retardation. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: Motor-Motor Dual Task Exercise, Motor-Cognitive Dual Task Exercise, or Control.
The Motor-Motor group will perform walking and balance exercises combined with motor tasks under physiotherapist supervision. The Motor-Cognitive group will perform the same physical exercises combined with cognitive tasks. The Control group will follow standard walking and balance exercises at home, monitored by parents.
Interventions will last six weeks, conducted twice a week for about 40 minutes per session. Assessments of motor function, cognitive performance, and quality of life will be conducted before and after the intervention by blinded evaluators. Data will be analyzed to compare group outcomes and determine the effects of dual-task exercises on motor and cognitive functions in children with mild mental ret
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 8 Years 至 12 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Obtaining parental consent
- •Having an Intelligence Quotient between 51-70
- •Having an educational diagnosis of mild mental retardation
- •Being between the ages of 8-12
- •Ability to understand Turkish instructions
- •Ability to follow commands during the exercise program
- •No additional disabilities that would prevent participation in the program
排除标准
- •Having a metabolic or systemic disease
- •Engaging in regular physical exercise
- •Having visual or hearing impairments
- •Presence of any condition that would interfere with compliance to assessment parameters
结局指标
主要结局
Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
时间窗: 6 weeks
The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), used to assess functional balance in children during daily activities, is a highly reliable measurement tool. It is an adapted version of the Berg Balance Scale specifically designed for children. The scale consists of 14 items evaluating functional movements such as standing up, picking up an object from the floor, transferring, balancing on one foot, and sitting. Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 4, with 4 indicating the ability to perform the task independently. The maximum score is 56. Scores between 0-20 indicate poor balance, 21-40 indicate acceptable balance, and 41-56 indicate good balance.
Timed Up and Go Test
时间窗: 6 weeks
Description: The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) is used to assess functional mobility by measuring walking speed, postural control, and balance. The test involves standing up from a standard-height chair without armrests, walking a distance of 3 meters, turning around, walking back to the chair, and sitting down. Participants perform one practice trial followed by three test trials, with the average time recorded in seconds. A shorter duration indicates better functional mobility and balance.
Tandem Walking Test
时间窗: 6 weeks
Description: The Tandem Walking Test is used to assess dynamic balance, a function primarily controlled by the cerebellum. Participants are instructed to walk 10 steps in a straight line, placing the heel of one foot directly in front of the toes of the other foot with each step, minimizing the base of support. The time taken to complete the 10 steps is recorded, and a shorter time indicates better dynamic balance.
Stroop Test
时间窗: 6 weeks
Description: The Stroop Test is a neuropsychological assessment that measures cognitive processing speed, selective attention, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility-functions associated with the frontal lobe. It includes four cards, each containing six rows with four items per row. Participants are required to name the color of the ink used rather than the word itself, evaluating their ability to inhibit habitual responses and adapt to cognitive interference.
次要结局
- Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)(6 weeks)
研究者
Melike Nur AKGÖĞ
Master's Degree Student
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa