Evaluation Study of the Online High School Media Aware Program

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Sexual Behavior

Interventions: Other: Media Aware Sexual Health - High School

Registration Number: NCT04035694

Lead Sponsor: Innovation Research & Training

Brief Summary: The main aim of this study is to conduct a pretest-posttest RCT with a three-month follow-up to investigate the sustainability of outcomes in students who use the Media Aware program. Media Aware, a web-based media literacy education program for high school students to promote sexual and relationship health. Media Aware is designed to provide high school students with sexual health knowledge, media literacy skills, and the skills to make healthy decisions about sexual activity. This study will examine if behavioral indicators among students in the intervention group sustain, emerge, or diminish over time compared to students in the delayed intervention group.

Detailed Description: Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 590

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Intervention	Media Aware Sexual Health - High School	Participants will receive access to Media Aware.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Willingness to Hook up	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=very unwilling; 2=unwilling; 3=willing; 4=very willing) how willing they are to have hook up even if they are not sure that they really want to (Imagine you were with a boyfriend/girlfriend. They want to hook-up, but you are not sure that you want to. In this situation, how willing would you be to go ahead and hook-up anyway?). (adapted from Gibbons, Gerrard, Blanton, \& Russell, 2014)
Willingness to Have Sex	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=very unwilling; 2=unwilling; 3=willing; 4=very willing) how willing they are to have sex in a relationship context. (Imagine you were with a boyfriend/girlfriend and they say they love you. They want to have sex. In this situation, how willing would you be to have sex?).
Willingness to Engage in Unprotected Sex	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=very unwilling; 2=unwilling; 3=willing; 4=very willing) how willing they are to engage in unprotected sex (Imagine you were with a boyfriend/girlfriend. They want to have sex, but neither of you have any form of protection. In this situation, how willing would you be to go ahead and have sex anyway?). (adapted from Gibbons, Gerrard, Blanton, \& Russell, 2014)
Intentions to Engage in Sexual Activity With Another Person	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=not at all likely; 2=unlikely; 3=likely; 4=extremely likely) how likely they are to engage in sexual activity in the next year (How likely is that you will have any type of sexual contact with another person (oral sex, anal sex, vaginal sex, or genital-to-genital contact) in the next year?). α = 0.77 (adapted from L'Engle, Brown, and Kenneavy, 2006)
Condom Use Intentions	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=not at all likely; 2=unlikely; 3=likely; 4=extremely likely) how likely they are to use protection (if you were to have vaginal or anal sex, how likely would you be to use a condom?). (adapted from Jemmott and Jemmott, 1991)
Birth Control Use Intentions (Other Than Condoms)	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=not at all likely; 2=unlikely; 3=likely; 4=extremely likely) how likely they are to use protection (if you were to have vaginal sex, how likely would you be to use birth control other than condoms?). (adapted from Jemmott and Jemmott, 1991)
Protection Intentions During Oral Sex	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=not at all likely; 2=unlikely; 3=likely; 4=extremely likely) how likely they are to use protection (if you were to decide to have oral sex, how likely would you be to use a condom or dental dam?). (adapted from Jemmott and Jemmott, 1991)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Perceived Realism of Media Messages	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=agree; 4=strongly agree) the degree to which they agreed that teens on the media (e.g., Teens in the media do things that average teens do.). (adapted from Austin and Johnson, 1997, α=0.80)
Sexual Health Knowledge	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked several multiple choice and True/False questions about sexual health (e.g., True or false: You can tell someone has an STI by looking at him/her.).
Acceptance of Dating Violence	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=strongly 2=disagree; 3=disagree; 4=agree; strongly agree) their level of agreement on several items pertaining to dating violence (e.g., It is okay for people to hit their girlfriends/boyfriends if they did something to make them mad.). (adapted from Foshee, Bauman, Ennett, Suchindran, Benefield, and Linder, 2005 α=0.73)
Advertisement Deconstruction Skills	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are shown an advertisement and asked to describe it in detail including noting marketing strategies and any missing information (e.g., How are advertisers trying to get someone to buy this product?). Qualitative responses to the questions are coded by trained project staff members once inter-coder reliability is established, and scores will be summed to create an overall deconstruction skills composite variable (adapted from Kupersmidt, Scull, \& Benson, 2012).
Media Message Completeness	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are shown an advertisement and asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=incomplete to 4=complete) how complete the information included in an advertisement is (e.g., How complete is the information in this advertisement?).
Media Skepticism	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=agree; 4=strongly agree) the degree to which they agree with several statements about media (e.g., Media are dishonest about what happens if people have sex.). (adapted from Scull, Malik, and Kupersmidt, 2014, α=0.86)
Acceptance of Strict Gender Role Stereotypes	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=agree; 4=strongly agree) their level of agreement on several items pertaining to strict gender role stereotypes (e.g., Raising children is primarily a woman's responsibility.). (adapted from Foshee, Bauman, Ennett, Suchindran, Benefield, and Linder, 2005 α=0.87)
Acceptance of Rape Myths	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=agree; 4=strongly agree) their level of agreement on several items pertaining to myths about rape (e.g., It shouldn't be considered rape if a guy is drunk and didn't realize what he was doing.). (adapted from Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance-Short Form (IRMA-SF; 7 pt. scale); Payne et al., (1999); McMahon \& Farmer (2011), α=0.88)
Intentions to Intervene as Bystander	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=not likely at all; 2=Unlikely; 3=Likely; 4=Extremely likely) how likely they would be to intervene as a bystander (e.g., Approach a friend if I thought they were in an abusive relationship and let them know that I am here to help.). (adapted from Banyard, 2005)
Efficacy to Intervene as Bystander	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a scale of 0 (Can't do) to 100 (Very Certain) their degree of confidence in several behaviors (e.g., I could talk to a friend who I suspected is in an abusive relationship.). (adapted from Banyard, 2005)
Descriptive Norms Regarding Teen Sexual Activity	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate what percentage \[0% = no teens; 100% = all teens\] of teens engage in sexual activity (e.g., oral sex, vaginal sex, anal sex). (adapted from Scull, Kupersmidt, Malik, and Keefe, 2018)
Descriptive Norms Regarding Teen Risky Sexual Activity	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate what percentage \[0% = no teens; 100% = all teens\] of teens engage in risky sexual activities (e.g., What percentage of teens have sex with someone who is much older?). (adapted from Scull, Kupersmidt, Malik, and Keefe, 2018)
Descriptive Norms Regarding Teen Birth Control Use	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate what percentage \[0% = no teens; 100% = all teens\] of teens use contraception (e.g., What percentage of teens who have oral sex use a condom or a dental dam?). (adapted from Scull, Kupersmidt, Malik, and Keefe, 2018)
Efficacy to Communicate Before Sex	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=agree; 4=strongly agree) how effectively they could communicate with others about sexual health (e.g., I could talk with a boy/girlfriend about using condoms for sexually transmitted infection protection.). (adapted from Scull, Malik, \& Kupersmidt, 2014)
Intent to Communicate Before Sex	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=not at all likely; 2=unlikely; 3=likely; 4=extremely likely) how likely they are to communicate with others before sexual activity (e.g., Before deciding to have sex, how likely would you be to talk with your parents or another trusted adult about sexual health?). (adapted from Scull, Malik, \& Kupersmidt, 2014)
Cognitive Elaboration While Viewing an Advertisement	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are shown an advertisement and asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=not much at all; 2=a little; 3=a good amount; 4=a lot) the extent to which they: 1) thought about the ad; 2) spent time thinking about the ad; and 3) paid attention to the ad. (adapted from Shiv, Britton, and Payne, 2004)
Communication With a Doctor or Other Health Professional About Sexual Health	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked on a 4-point Likert scale (1never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often) about their frequency of sexual health communication with a doctor or other health professional (e.g., How often do you talk with a doctor or other health professional about sexual health?).
Communication With a Parent or Other Trusted Adult About Sexual Health	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked on a 4-point Likert scale (1never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often) about their frequency of sexual health communication with a doctor or trusted adult (e.g., How often do you talk with a parent or other trusted professional about sexual health?).
Communication With a Boyfriend or Girlfriend About Sexual Health	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked on a 4-point Likert scale (1never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often) about their frequency of sexual health communication with a boyfriend/girlfriend (e.g., How often do you talk with your boyfriend/girlfriend about sexual health?).
Descriptive Norms Regarding Sexual Health Communication	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate what percentage \[0% = no teens; 100% = all teens\] of teens communicate with parents, health providers, or another trusted adult (e.g., Before deciding to have sex, what percentage of teens talk with their boy/girlfriend about sexual health?). (adapted from Scull, Kupersmidt, Malik, and Keefe, 2018)
Efficacy to Negotiate Contraception/Protection Use	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=agree; 4=strongly agree) how effectively they could convince a partner to use contraception (e.g., If I decided to have sex, I could talk to any potential partner to make him/her understand why we should use condoms or other contraception.).
Efficacy to Use Contraception/Protection	follow-up (approximately three months after pretest)	Participants are asked to indicate on a 4-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=agree; 4=strongly agree) how effectively they could get and use contraception (e.g., If I wanted to, I could get condoms or another form of contraception.).