Effect of Resistance Exercise on Energy Balance and Appetite Regulation in Males and Females
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 30
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Subjective appetite
研究概览
简要总结
There is growing evidence that males and females may exhibit different acute responses and long-term adaptations to exercise training. Accordingly, contemporary exercise physiology research increasingly recognizes sex as an important biological variable that may influence appetite regulation and energy balance.
This year's project aims to investigate: (1) appetite regulation and energy balance following acute resistance exercise, and (2) potential sex-based differences in appetite regulation and energy balance in response to resistance exercise.
Understanding both the overall effects of resistance exercise and sex-related variability in these responses is important for improving the physiological interpretation of exercise-induced changes in appetite and energy balance. Such knowledge may help to reduce heterogeneity in exercise research findings and support the development of more precise, evidence-based exercise prescriptions that are applicable to both males and females.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 20 Years 至 30 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Healthy males and females aged 20-30 years
- •Females with a regular menstrual cycle
- •Stable body weight, defined as no significant change in body weight during the past 6 months
- •Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent
排除标准
- •Obesity, defined as:
- •Body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m²
- •Body fat percentage > 25% in males
- •Body fat percentage > 30% in females
- •Hypertension, defined as resting blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg
- •History of cardiovascular disease
- •History of cancer
- •History of liver disease
- •History of kidney disease
- •Presence of any medical condition that may interfere with study outcomes
研究组 & 干预措施
males
Resistance exercises are in the following order: squat, bench press, deadlift. Each exercise consists of 3 sets with 7 repetitions, using a load of 70% 1RM with 120 sec of rest between sets.
干预措施: resistance exercise (males) (Other)
males control
Participants remained seated at rest during the control trial.
females exercise
During the early follicular phase, participants performed resistance exercises in the following order: squat, bench press, and deadlift. Each exercise consisted of three sets of seven repetitions performed at 70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), with 120 s of rest between sets.
干预措施: resistance exercise (females) (Other)
females control
During the early follicular phase, participants remained seated at rest during the control trial.
结局指标
主要结局
Subjective appetite
时间窗: 3 hours during each study intervention
The appetite perceptions are obtained through a 0-100 mm visual analog scale. The variables assessed include perceptions of hunger (i.e., "How hungry do you feel?"), satisfaction (i.e., "How satisfied do you feel?"), fullness (i.e., "How full do you feel?"), prospective food consumption (i.e., "How much do you think you can eat?"), and nausea (i.e., "How nauseous do you feel?"), with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely.".
Change in acyl-Ghrelin
时间窗: 3 hours during each study intervention
acyl-Ghrelin in pg/mL
Change in PYY
时间窗: 3 hours during each study intervention
PYY in pg/mL
Change in lactate
时间窗: 3 hours during each study intervention
lactate in mmol/L
Energy intake
时间窗: The Before day, the durning day, and the day following the experiment.
Participants will be required to record their diet for the day before, the current day (include following exercise ad-libitum), and the day following the experiment. The energy intake include absolute energy intake and relative energy intake .
change in Cortisol
时间窗: 3 hours during each study intervention
Cortisol mcg/dL
Energy expenditure
时间窗: The Before day, the durning day, and the day following the experiment.
Energy expenditure will include resting energy expenditure (REE), exercise energy expenditure, and non-exercise energy expenditure. REE will be measured using indirect calorimetry (MetaLyzer 3B; VO₂ and VCO₂ exchange). Exercise energy expenditure will be recorded during the resistance exercise session, and non-exercise energy expenditure will be assessed using an accelerometer. Total energy expenditure will be calculated as the sum of these components.
Energy Balance
时间窗: The Before day, the durning day, and the day following the experiment.
Energy balance will be calculated as total energy intake (EI) minus total energy expenditure (TEE). Total energy intake will include energy consumed during the laboratory ad-libitum meal and energy intake recorded outside the laboratory during the monitoring period. Total energy expenditure will include resting energy expenditure, exercise energy expenditure, and non-exercise energy expenditure, as previously described. Energy balance will be expressed in kilocalories (kcal), with positive values indicating energy surplus and negative values indicating energy deficit.
次要结局
- Estradiol (E2)(Baseline for each trial (female participants only).)
- Leeds food preference questionnaire(3 hours during each study intervention)
- 10 Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE)(1-hour during each exercise intervention)
- Heart rate (HR)(3-hour during each study intervention)
- Progesterone (P4)(Baseline for each trial (female participants only).)
- Concentric Peak Velocity(During each exercise condition.)
- Concentric Mean Velocity(During each exercise condition)
- Eccentric Peak Velocity(During each exercise condition)
- Concentric Mean Power(During each exercise condition)
- Relative Concentric Mean Power(During each exercise condition)
- Concentric Work(During each exercise condition)
- Velocity Loss(During each exercise condition)