Physical Activity, Appetite and Food Intake in Older Adults (PHYSISAT)

Completed

• Conditions: Physical Activity; Body Composition; Older Adults; Eating Behavior; Food Intake

• Registration Number: NCT05067036
• Lead Sponsor: University of Reading

Brief Summary

This study aims to assess the effect of physical activity on food intake and appetite in older adults (≥ 65 years) and to investigate the relationship between older adults' eating behaviours, body composition and physical activity.

Detailed Description

* To investigate the effect of physical activity on food intake and appetite in older adults (≥ 65 years).

* To examine the relationship between older adults' (≥ 65 years) eating behaviours, body composition and physical activity.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2020-12-09
• Primary Completion: 2021-04-07
• Study Completion: 2021-05-09
• Study First Submitted: 2021-09-02
• Status Verified: 2021-10
• Study First Submitted QC: 2021-10-01
• Last Update Submitted: 2021-10-01
• Study First Posted: 2021-10-04
• Last Update Posted: 2021-10-04

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 108

Inclusion Criteria

• Healthy, living independently and self-reported;
• Aged ≥ 65 years;
• Having the ability to understand the study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria

• Being obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2);
• Smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day;
• Having a disease such as cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases (diabetes, thyroid disorders, cancer, heart, lung and kidney disease;
• Taking medications known to influence appetite, food intake or body weight in the past three months;
• Changing their diet and exercise in the last 3 months;
• Having unexpected weight loss in the last 3 months.

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Physical Activity Status	7 days	Physical Activity Status is assessed by using Accelerometers ((AX3) (3-Axis Logging Accelerometer)).; Participants will wear the accelerometers 24-hour for 7 days. Their moderate and vigorous activity hours will be aggregated and based on this data, they will be divided into three groups as vigorous-moderate-low physical activity.
Ratings of Appetite	1 day	Appetite is assessed using a 100mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS, scale 0-100).
Food Intake	3 days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) while the participants are wearing the accelerometer.	Food intake is assessed using a 24-hour weighted food diary.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Frailty	Day 1	Frailty is assessed by using the 'Groingen Frailty Indicator Questionnaire'.; The GFI is a validated, 15-item questionnaire with a score range from zero to fifteen that assesses the physical, cognitive, social, and psychological domains. A GFI score of four or greater is considered the cut-off point for frailty.
Appetite Level based on 'Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire'	Day 1	Appetite level is assessed by using 'Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire'.; The score is calculated by adding up the points (values) that are assigned to the individual answers. The maximum number of points possible for a patient to obtain is 40, while the minimum is 8. The lower the score, the worse the patient's appetite.; 8-16: The patient is at risk for anorexia and needs nutrition counselling. 17-28: The patient needs frequent reassessment. \>28: The patient is not at risk at this time.
Height	Day 1	Height is measured by using a tape measure.
Weight	Day 1	Weight is assessed by using a body composition monitor (OMRON Viva).
BMI	Day 1	BMI is assessed by using a body composition monitor (OMRON Viva).
% lean body mass	Day 1	% lean body mass is assessed by using a body composition monitor (OMRON Viva).
Waist Circumference	Day 1	Waist circumference is measured by using a tape measure.
Physical Activity Level based on 'Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)' questionnaire.	Day 1	Physical activity level is assessed by using 'Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)'.; This questionnaire measures the level of self-reported physical activity in individuals aged 65 years or older and is considered of items regarding occupational, household, and leisure activities during the previous 7 day period. The total PASE score is computed by multiplying either the time spent in each activity (hours per week) or participation (i.e., yes/no) in an activity, by empirically derived item weights and then summing overall activities. The overall PASE score ranges from 0 to 400 or more.
% fat mass	Day 1	% fat mass is assessed by using a body composition monitor (OMRON Viva).
Hip Circumference	Day 1	Hip circumference is measured by using a tape measure.
Nutritional Knowledge	Day 1	Nutritional knowledge is assessed by using 'General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire'.; This questionnaire consists of four independent sections, each assessing a different aspect of nutrition knowledge: Dietary recommendations; Food groups; Healthy Food choices and Diet, disease and weight management.; Section 1 - Dietary Recommendations Each item carries one point for a correct answer. Maximum score = 18.; Section 2 - Food groups Each item carries one point for a correct answer. Maximum score = 36; Section 3- Healthy Food choices Each item carries one point for a correct answer. Maximum score = 13.; Section 4 - Diet, disease and weight management Each item carries one point for a correct answer. Maximum score = 21.
Appetite Level based on 'The three-factor eating questionnaire'	Day 1	Appetite level is assessed by using 'The three-factor eating questionnaire'.; The TFEQ contains 51 items (questions) and measures three aspects of human eating behaviour: 'cognitive restraint of eating' (Factor I - 21 items); 'disinhibition' (Factor II - 16 items); 'hunger' (Factor III - 14 items). The minimum score for factors I-II-III is, therefore, 0-0-0, the possible maximum score 21-16-14.
Food Craving	Day 1	The experience of food craving is assessed by using the 'Control of Eating Questionnaire'.; The Control of Eating Questionnaire comprises 21-items that are designed to assess the severity and type of food cravings individual experiences over the previous 7 days. The overall score ranges from 0 to 200 and higher scores mean that they have higher severity of food cravings.
Physical Activity Level based on 'General Practice Physical Activity' questionnaire.	Day 1	Physical activity level is assessed by using 'General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire'.; This questionnaire provides a simple, 4-level Physical Activity Index (PAI) of - Active, Moderately Active, Moderately Inactive, and Inactive.; Inactive: Sedentary job and no physical exercise or cycling. Moderately inactive: Sedentary job and some but \< 1 hour physical exercise and / or cycling per week OR Standing job and no physical exercise or cycling.; Moderately active: Sedentary job and 1-2.9 hours physical exercise and / or cycling per week OR Standing job and some but \< 1 hour physical exercise and / or cycling per week OR Physical job and no physical exercise or cycling.; Active: Sedentary job and ≥ 3 hours physical exercise and / or cycling per week OR Standing job and 1-2.9 hours physical exercise and / or cycling per week OR Physical job and some but \< 1 hour physical exercise and / or cycling per week OR Heavy manual job.
Eating Behaviour	Day 1	Eating behaviour is assessed by using the 'Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire'; The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire is a 33-item self-report questionnaire to assess three distinct eating behaviours in adults: (1) emotional eating, (2) external eating, and (3) restrained eating. Items on the DEBQ range from 1 (never) to 5 (very often), with higher scores indicating greater endorsement of the eating behaviour.
Food shopping and cooking behaviors	Day 1	Food shopping and cooking behaviors is assessed by using 'General Food Shopping and Cooking Questionnaire'.; In this questionnaire, participant's food shopping and cooking behaviours will assess, no scale or score will be reported.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of Reading; 🇬🇧 Reading, United Kingdom