Examining the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Events and Chronic Pain in the Canadian Forces

There is data to suggest that early childhood physical, emotional and sexual trauma could contribute to the development of chronic pain later in life, but this has not been studied in the Canadian Forces. The investigators will examine the relationship between adverse childhood events (ACE) and patient reported pain and function conducted within the CAF. Investigators therefore hypothesize that ACE scores will be independently associated with variation in physical limitations, pain intensity when compared with a control group that has no chronic pain.

Procedure Investigators will collect data on pain conditions, potential risk factors, and function using standard patient reported outcome measures. This data includes information about the patient occupation, pain conditions and impact on life, exercise levels, mood, childhood experiences, views on their condition and requests for care support.

Risks and risk mitigation Participation in this study is voluntary and therefore patients and controls could choose not to fill out surveys. They will also be made aware that they can withdraw consent at any time without having any effect on access to future medical care.

Investigators do not foresee significant associated risks but our consent form will also provide information on support resources should distress ensue. Patients' confidentiality/anonymity will be protected through multiple strategies.

The Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation clinic within the Canadian Forces Health Services Centre Ottawa services about 500 patients with complex chronic pain issues per year. Patients are active service members, ranging from the age of 18-60 years old, referred primarily from the National Capital Region, CFB Petawawa, CFB Kingston, and CFB Trenton for consultation and management. A Control group of students at CFB Borden will be recruited to complete questionnaires.