Cisplatin and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children and Young Adults With Hepatoblastoma or Liver Cancer After Surgery
- Conditions
- Childhood Malignant Liver NeoplasmHepatoblastomaFibrolamellar CarcinomaChildhood Hepatocellular CarcinomaHepatocellular Malignant Neoplasm, Not Otherwise Specified
- Interventions
- Procedure: Biospecimen CollectionOther: Patient ObservationProcedure: Resection
- Registration Number
- NCT03533582
- Lead Sponsor
- Children's Oncology Group
- Brief Summary
This partially randomized phase II/III trial studies how well, in combination with surgery, cisplatin and combination chemotherapy works in treating children and young adults with hepatoblastoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, vincristine sulfate, carboplatin, etoposide, irinotecan, sorafenib, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Giving combination chemotherapy may kill more tumor cells than one type of chemotherapy alone.
- Detailed Description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To reduce therapy associated toxicity for patients with non-metastatic hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without adversely affecting long term outcomes.
II. To determine the event-free survival (EFS) in patients with HB whose tumor is completely resected at diagnosis and either receive no adjuvant chemotherapy (completely resected well differentiated fetal \[WDF\] histology HB) or 2 cycles of standard dose cisplatin monotherapy (completely resected non-well differentiated fetal histology HB - 100 mg/m\^2/cycle given 3 weeks apart). (Group A) III. To demonstrate that 4 to 6 cycles of interval compressed lower dose cisplatin monotherapy (80 mg/m\^2/cycle; 320-480 mg/m\^2 total) is adequate for low risk HB. (Group B) IIIa. In patients who are resected after 2 cycles of cisplatin monotherapy, to compare EFS following a randomized comparison of 2 versus 4 post-operative cycles of cisplatin monotherapy. (Group B) IIIb. In patients whose tumors are deemed unresectable after 2 cycles of cisplatin monotherapy, to determine the proportion of tumors rendered completely resectable by an additional 2 or 4 cycles of chemotherapy. (Group B) IV. To compare in a randomized fashion, EFS in patients with intermediate risk HB treated with 6 cycles of cisplatin/5-fluorouracil/vincristine/doxorubicin (C5VD) chemotherapy versus 6 cycles of interval compressed cisplatin monotherapy (100 mg/m\^2/dose). (Group C) V. To determine the EFS in patients with HCC whose tumor is completely resected at diagnosis who receive no adjuvant chemotherapy (completely resected HCC arising in the context of underlying liver disease) or 4 cycles of cisplatin/doxorubicin (PLADO) (completely resected de novo HCC). (Group E) VI. To improve the EFS of patients with high risk HB by treating them with interval compressed cisplatin and doxorubicin based induction regimen followed by response-adapted consolidation therapy. (Group D) VIa. In patients whose metastatic disease resolves with the administration of Societe Internationale d'Oncologie Pediatrique (SIOPEL) 4 Induction therapy, to determine if the promising pilot results observed in SIOPEL 4 can be validated in a large international study. (Group D1) VIb. In patients whose metastatic disease does not resolve with the administration of SIOPEL 4 Induction therapy, to determine in a randomized comparison which post induction treatment (irinotecan and vincristine sulfate \[vincristine\] alternating with carboplatin and doxorubicin or carboplatin and etoposide alternating with carboplatin and doxorubicin) results in superior outcomes. (Group D Arm CE \& Arm VI) VII. In patients with unresectable/metastatic HCC at diagnosis, to determine whether the addition of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX + sorafenib) to a cisplatin, doxorubicin and sorafenib backbone improves chemotherapy response, resectability and survival. (Group F)
EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
I. To determine if the Childhood Hepatic tumor International Consortium (CHIC) hepatoblastoma risk stratification analysis of very low risk (Group A), low risk (Group B), intermediate risk (Group C) and high risk (Group D) groups stratifies patients allowing appropriate utilization of varying intensity chemotherapy regimens and surgical resection strategies.
II. To define the prognostic relevance of a positive microscopic margin in Group A-D resected HB specimens.
III. To define the frequency of histologically detectable multifocal lesions in liver explants and resected specimens in which multifocal disease was detected at diagnosis and disappeared on cross sectional imaging following treatment with chemotherapy.
IV. To define the prognostic relevance in HB of a 'small cell undifferentiated' tumor component and percentage of tumor necrosis in post chemotherapy specimens.
V. To determine the prognostic impact on EFS and overall survival (OS) of biopsy technique in liver tumors unresectable at diagnosis.
VI. To determine the 3-year EFS and OS of HB patients who undergo liver transplantation vs extreme resection in Group C and D patients.
VII. To determine the 3-year EFS and OS of Group D patients who undergo pulmonary metastasectomy.
VIII. To determine the 3-year EFS and OS of patients who undergo liver transplantation for HCC.
IX. To determine the frequency of relapse in non-metastatic HCC in children treated by liver transplantation versus conventional resection.
X. To determine the concordance of Pretreatment Extent of Disease (PRETEXT) and Post-treatment Extent of disease (POSTTEXT) based surgical guidelines and the surgical intervention performed.
XI. To collect for future analysis, HB and HCC tumor specimens that can be molecularly characterized to validate newly identified molecular and immunohistochemical biomarkers correlating with known clinical prognostic factors and outcome.
XII. To evaluate the hepatoblastoma molecular risk-predictive model (HB-MRP) to risk stratify hepatoblastoma patients in the context of the current AHEP1531 trial.
XIII. To collect for future analysis samples to assess the pharmacogenomics (PG) related to cisplatin therapy in pediatric and adolescent liver tumor patients and correlate PG with Boston Grading Scale for ototoxicity.
XIV. To collect for future analysis samples such that novel biomarkers of renal toxicity (urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin \[NGAL\], cystatin C and Kim1) from cisplatin therapy can be correlated with pharmacogenomics, other associated toxicities, and outcomes.
XV. To determine which system (Children's Oncology Group \[COG\] PRETEXT, SIOPEL PRETEXT, or a new hybrid definition of PRETEXT) of the annotation factors for V, P, E, F and R provides the best prognostic information for determining response to chemotherapy, guiding risk based therapy, predicting surgical resectability, and EFS.
XVI. To determine the concordance between institutional and expert panel review assessment of PRETEXT and POSTTEXT stage in an international cooperative group setting.
OUTLINE:
GROUP A (VERY LOW RISK HB): Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 groups.
GROUP A1 (WDF): Patients undergo observation.
GROUP A2 (NON-WDF): Patients receive cisplatin (CDDP) intravenously (IV) over 6 hours on day 1 following surgery. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 2 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
GROUP B (LOW RISK HB): Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 2 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients are then assigned to 1 of 2 groups.
GROUP B1 (RESECTABLE): Patients receive 2 cycles of cisplatin, undergo surgery, then are randomized to 1 of 2 arms (2 vs 4 additional cycles of cisplatin).
GROUP B1 ARM 4-CDDP: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 4 total cycles (2 pre-surgery, 2 post-surgery) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
GROUP B1 ARM 6-CDDP: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 total cycles (2 pre-surgery, 4 post-surgery) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
GROUP B2 (UNRESECTABLE): Patients receive 2 cycles of cisplatin, then are assigned to 1 of 2 arms (resectable vs unresectable).
GROUP B2 ARM I (RESECTABLE): Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 total cycles (4 pre-surgery, 2 post-surgery). After cycle 4, patients undergo surgery, then continue with 2 additional cycles of cisplatin.
GROUP B2 ARM II (UNRESECTABLE): Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 total cycles.
GROUP C (INTERMEDIATE RISK HB): Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.
GROUP C ARM CDDP: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo surgery after cycle 2 or 4.
GROUP C ARM C5VD: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, 5-fluorouracil IV over 1-15 minutes, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, and 15 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo surgery after cycle 2 or 4.
GROUP D (HIGH RISK HB): SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 2 (for cycle 3). Cycles 1 and 2 are 28 days; cycle 3 is 21 days. Patients are then assigned to 1 of 2 arms.
GROUP D1: CONSOLIDATION THERAPY: Patients with lung complete remission (either with chemotherapy and/or surgery) receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
GROUP D2: Patients with residual metastatic disease are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.
GROUP D2 ARM CE: Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5, and carboplatin IV over 1 hour and etoposide IV over 2 hours on day 1 and 2 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
GROUP D2 ARM VI: Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5. Patients also receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1 and 8 and irinotecan IV over 60-90 minutes once daily (QD) on days 1 to 5 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
GROUP E (RESECTED HCC): Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 groups.
GROUP E1: Patients with HCC secondary to underlying hepatic disease undergo observation only.
GROUP E2 (PLADO): Patients with de novo HCC receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 following surgery. Treatments repeat every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
GROUP F (UNRESECTED AND/OR METASTATIC HCC): Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.
GROUP F ARM 1 (PLADO): Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 3-21. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 3 cycles of the treatment.
GROUP F ARM 2 (P/GEMOX): Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-14 of cycles 1 and 3. Patients also receive gemcitabine IV over 90 minutes on day 1, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 and sorafenib PO on days 1-14 of cycles 2 and 4. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 4 cycles of the treatment.
Patients may undergo blood sample collection on study.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for a minimum of 2 years.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 537
-
Patients in Group F must have a body surface area (BSA) >= 0.6 m^2
-
Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1, or 2; use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
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Patients must be newly diagnosed with histologically-proven primary pediatric hepatic malignancies including hepatoblastoma or hepatocellular carcinoma, except as noted below; patients with a diagnosis of hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified, should be classified and treated per hepatoblastoma treatment arms; note that rapid central pathology review is required in some cases; please note: all patients with histology as assessed by the institutional pathologist consistent with pure small cell undifferentiated (SCU) HB will be required to have testing for INI1/SMARCB1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) according to the practices at the institution
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Patients with histology consistent with pure SCU must have positive INI1/SMARCB1 staining
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For all Group A patients, WDF status as determined by rapid review will be used to further stratify patients to Group A1 or A2
- For Groups B, C and D, rapid review is required if patients are either >= 8 years of age or have an alphafetoprotein (AFP) =< 100 at diagnosis
- For all Groups E and F patients, rapid central pathology review is required
-
In emergency situations when a patient meets all other eligibility criteria and has had baseline required observations, but is too ill to undergo a biopsy safely, the patient may be enrolled without a biopsy
-
Clinical situations in which emergent treatment may be indicated include, but are not limited to, the following circumstances:
- Anatomic or mechanical compromise of critical organ function by tumor (e.g., respiratory distress/failure, abdominal compartment syndrome, urinary obstruction, etc.)
- Uncorrectable coagulopathy
-
For a patient to maintain eligibility for AHEP1531 when emergent treatment is given, the following must occur:
- The patient must have a clinical diagnosis of hepatoblastoma, including an elevated alphafetoprotein (AFP), and must meet all AHEP1531 eligibility criteria at the time of emergent treatment
- Patient must be enrolled on AHEP1531 prior to initiating protocol therapy; a patient will be ineligible if any chemotherapy is administered prior to AHEP1531 enrollment
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Note: If the patient receives AHEP1531 chemotherapy emergently PRIOR to undergoing a diagnostic biopsy, pathologic review of material obtained in the future during either biopsy or surgical resection must either confirm the diagnosis of hepatoblastoma or not reveal another pathological diagnosis to be included in the analysis of the study aims
-
-
Patients may have had surgical resection of the hepatic malignancy prior to enrollment; all other anti-cancer therapy for the current liver lesion is prohibited
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Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or
-
A serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
- Age: maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
- 1 month to < 6 months: 0.4 (male and female)
- 6 months to < 1 year: 0.5 (male and female)
- 1 to < 2 years: 06 (male and female)
- 2 to < 6 years: 0.8 (male and female)
- 6 to < 10 years: 1 (male and female)
- 10 to < 13 years: 1.2 (male and female)
- 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
- >= 16 years: 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female)
-
-
Total bilirubin =< 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
-
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) < 10 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
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Shortening fraction of >= 28% by echocardiogram (for patients on doxorubicin-containing regimens [Groups C, D, E2, and F] assessed within 8 weeks prior to study enrollment) or
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Ejection fraction of >= 47% by echocardiogram or radionuclide angiogram (for patients on doxorubicin-containing regimens [Groups C, D, E2, and F] assessed within 8 weeks prior to study enrollment)
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Group F patients only: QT/corrected QT (QTc) interval =< 450 milliseconds for males and =< 470 milliseconds for females (assessed within 8 weeks prior to study enrollment)
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Normal pulmonary function tests (including diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide [DLCO]) if there is clinical indication for determination (e.g. dyspnea at rest, known requirement for supplemental oxygen) (for patients receiving chemotherapy [Groups A, B, C, D, E2, F]); for patients who do not have respiratory symptoms or requirement for supplemental oxygen, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are NOT required
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All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
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All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
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Prior chemotherapy or tumor directed therapy (i.e. radiation therapy, biologic agents, local therapy (embolization, radiofrequency ablation, and laser); therefore, patients with a pre-disposition syndrome who have a prior malignancy are not eligible
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Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug
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Patients who are currently receiving other anticancer agents
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Patients with uncontrolled infection
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Patients who previously received a solid organ transplant, other than those who previously received an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) as primary treatment of their hepatocellular carcinoma
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Patients with hypersensitivity to any drugs on their expected treatment arm
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Group C: Patients who have known deficiency of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)
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Group D:
- Patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease and/or bowel obstruction
- Patients with concomitant use of St. John's wort, which cannot be stopped prior to the start of trial treatment
-
Group F:
- Patients with peripheral sensitive neuropathy with functional impairment
- Patients with a personal or family history of congenital long QT syndrome
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These criteria apply ONLY to patients who may receive chemotherapy (all groups other than Group E1):
-
Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs; a pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
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Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants
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Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation
- Note for Group F: patients of childbearing potential should use effective birth control during treatment with sorafenib and for at least 2 weeks after stopping treatment
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Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description GROUP C ARM C5VD Vincristine Sulfate Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, 5-fluorouracil IV over 1-15 minutes, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, and 15 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo surgery after cycle 2 or 4. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D2 ARM VI Vincristine Sulfate SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5. Patients also receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1 and 8 and irinotecan IV over 90 minutes QD on days 1 to 5 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. Group A1 (WDF) Biospecimen Collection Patients undergo observation. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. Group A1 (WDF) Patient Observation Patients undergo observation. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP A2 (NON-WDF) Biospecimen Collection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1 following surgery. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 2 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP A2 (NON-WDF) Cisplatin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1 following surgery. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 2 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP B1 ARM 4-CDDP Biospecimen Collection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 4 cycles (2 pre-surgery, 2 post-surgery) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP B1 ARM 4-CDDP Cisplatin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 4 cycles (2 pre-surgery, 2 post-surgery) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP B1 ARM 6-CDDP Biospecimen Collection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 6 cycles (2 pre-surgery, 4 post-surgery) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP B1 ARM 6-CDDP Cisplatin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 6 cycles (2 pre-surgery, 4 post-surgery) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP B1 ARM 6-CDDP Resection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 6 cycles (2 pre-surgery, 4 post-surgery) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP B2 ARM I Biospecimen Collection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 total cycles (4 pre-surgery, 2 post-surgery). After cycle 4, patients undergo surgery, then continue with 2 additional cycles of cisplatin. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP B2 ARM I Cisplatin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 total cycles (4 pre-surgery, 2 post-surgery). After cycle 4, patients undergo surgery, then continue with 2 additional cycles of cisplatin. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP B2 ARM I Resection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 total cycles (4 pre-surgery, 2 post-surgery). After cycle 4, patients undergo surgery, then continue with 2 additional cycles of cisplatin. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP B2 ARM II Biospecimen Collection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 total cycles. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP B2 ARM II Cisplatin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 total cycles. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP C ARM C5VD Biospecimen Collection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, 5-fluorouracil IV over 1-15 minutes, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, and 15 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo surgery after cycle 2 or 4. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP C ARM C5VD Cisplatin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, 5-fluorouracil IV over 1-15 minutes, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, and 15 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo surgery after cycle 2 or 4. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP C ARM C5VD Doxorubicin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, 5-fluorouracil IV over 1-15 minutes, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, and 15 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo surgery after cycle 2 or 4. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP C ARM C5VD Fluorouracil Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, 5-fluorouracil IV over 1-15 minutes, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, and 15 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo surgery after cycle 2 or 4. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP C ARM CDDP Biospecimen Collection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo surgery after cycle 2 or 4. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP C ARM CDDP Cisplatin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo surgery after cycle 2 or 4. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP C ARM CDDP Resection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo surgery after cycle 2 or 4. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D1 Biospecimen Collection SIOPEL-4 INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9 during cycles 1 and 2 and days 1 and 2 during cycle 3. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. CONSOLIDATION: Patients with lung complete remission (either with chemotherapy and/or surgery) receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D1 Carboplatin SIOPEL-4 INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9 during cycles 1 and 2 and days 1 and 2 during cycle 3. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. CONSOLIDATION: Patients with lung complete remission (either with chemotherapy and/or surgery) receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D1 Cisplatin SIOPEL-4 INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9 during cycles 1 and 2 and days 1 and 2 during cycle 3. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. CONSOLIDATION: Patients with lung complete remission (either with chemotherapy and/or surgery) receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D1 Doxorubicin SIOPEL-4 INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9 during cycles 1 and 2 and days 1 and 2 during cycle 3. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. CONSOLIDATION: Patients with lung complete remission (either with chemotherapy and/or surgery) receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D2 ARM CE Biospecimen Collection SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5, and carboplatin over 1 hour and etoposide IV over 2 hours on day 1 and 2 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D2 ARM CE Carboplatin SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5, and carboplatin over 1 hour and etoposide IV over 2 hours on day 1 and 2 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D2 ARM CE Cisplatin SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5, and carboplatin over 1 hour and etoposide IV over 2 hours on day 1 and 2 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D2 ARM CE Doxorubicin SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5, and carboplatin over 1 hour and etoposide IV over 2 hours on day 1 and 2 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D2 ARM CE Etoposide SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5, and carboplatin over 1 hour and etoposide IV over 2 hours on day 1 and 2 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D2 ARM VI Biospecimen Collection SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5. Patients also receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1 and 8 and irinotecan IV over 90 minutes QD on days 1 to 5 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D2 ARM VI Carboplatin SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5. Patients also receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1 and 8 and irinotecan IV over 90 minutes QD on days 1 to 5 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D2 ARM VI Cisplatin SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5. Patients also receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1 and 8 and irinotecan IV over 90 minutes QD on days 1 to 5 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D2 ARM VI Doxorubicin SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5. Patients also receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1 and 8 and irinotecan IV over 90 minutes QD on days 1 to 5 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP D2 ARM VI Irinotecan SIOPEL-4 IV INDUCTION: Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 (for cycles 1 and 2) and days 1 and 8 (for cycle 3) and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 8 and 9. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 during cycles 1, 3 and 5. Patients also receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1 and 8 and irinotecan IV over 90 minutes QD on days 1 to 5 of cycles 2, 4 and 6. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP E1 Biospecimen Collection Patients undergo observation only. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP E1 Patient Observation Patients undergo observation only. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP E2 (PLADO) Biospecimen Collection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 following surgery. Treatments repeat every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP E2 (PLADO) Cisplatin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 following surgery. Treatments repeat every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP E2 (PLADO) Doxorubicin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1 and doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 following surgery. Treatments repeat every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP F ARM 1 (PLADO) Biospecimen Collection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-21. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 3 cycles of the treatment. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP F ARM 1 (PLADO) Cisplatin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-21. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 3 cycles of the treatment. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP F ARM 1 (PLADO) Doxorubicin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-21. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 3 cycles of the treatment. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP F ARM 1 (PLADO) Sorafenib Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-21. Treatments repeat every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 3 cycles of the treatment. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP F ARM 2 (P/GEMOX) Biospecimen Collection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-14 of cycles 1 and 3. Patients also receive gemcitabine IV over 90 minutes on day 1, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 and sorafenib PO on days 1-14 of cycles 2 and 4. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 4 cycles of the treatment. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP F ARM 2 (P/GEMOX) Cisplatin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-14 of cycles 1 and 3. Patients also receive gemcitabine IV over 90 minutes on day 1, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 and sorafenib PO on days 1-14 of cycles 2 and 4. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 4 cycles of the treatment. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP F ARM 2 (P/GEMOX) Doxorubicin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-14 of cycles 1 and 3. Patients also receive gemcitabine IV over 90 minutes on day 1, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 and sorafenib PO on days 1-14 of cycles 2 and 4. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 4 cycles of the treatment. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP F ARM 2 (P/GEMOX) Gemcitabine Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-14 of cycles 1 and 3. Patients also receive gemcitabine IV over 90 minutes on day 1, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 and sorafenib PO on days 1-14 of cycles 2 and 4. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 4 cycles of the treatment. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP F ARM 2 (P/GEMOX) Oxaliplatin Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-14 of cycles 1 and 3. Patients also receive gemcitabine IV over 90 minutes on day 1, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 and sorafenib PO on days 1-14 of cycles 2 and 4. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 4 cycles of the treatment. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP F ARM 2 (P/GEMOX) Resection Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-14 of cycles 1 and 3. Patients also receive gemcitabine IV over 90 minutes on day 1, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 and sorafenib PO on days 1-14 of cycles 2 and 4. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 4 cycles of the treatment. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study. GROUP F ARM 2 (P/GEMOX) Sorafenib Patients receive cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1 and 2 and sorafenib PO BID on days 3-14 of cycles 1 and 3. Patients also receive gemcitabine IV over 90 minutes on day 1, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 and sorafenib PO on days 1-14 of cycles 2 and 4. Patients may undergo surgery, if tumors are resectable, or receive an additional 4 cycles of the treatment. Patients may optionally undergo blood sample collection on study.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Percentage of Group B2 participants with resectable tumors 6 months Group B patients who are unresectable after cycles 1 \& 2 of cisplatin treatment will be assigned to Group B2. These patients will receive cycles 3-6 of cisplatin treatment.
Response rate for Group F patients Up to 5 years Response is defined as complete (CR) or partial (PR) response according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 criteria. Patients who are not assessable for response - e.g. because of early stopping of treatment or death - will be classified as non-responders.
Event-free survival (EFS) 3 years EFS is defined as the time from randomization (or registration into the trial for non-randomized patients) to the first failure event where the failure events are defined as: progression of existing disease or occurrence of disease at new sites, death from any cause prior to disease progression, or diagnosis of a second malignant neoplasm. Patients who have not had an event will be censored at their last follow-up date. EFS for group A, group B1, group C, group D1, group D2 and E will be presented.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (205)
Children's Hospital of Alabama
🇺🇸Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Providence Alaska Medical Center
🇺🇸Anchorage, Alaska, United States
Banner Children's at Desert
🇺🇸Mesa, Arizona, United States
Phoenix Childrens Hospital
🇺🇸Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Arkansas Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
Kaiser Permanente Downey Medical Center
🇺🇸Downey, California, United States
Loma Linda University Medical Center
🇺🇸Loma Linda, California, United States
Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach
🇺🇸Long Beach, California, United States
Children's Hospital Los Angeles
🇺🇸Los Angeles, California, United States
Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA
🇺🇸Los Angeles, California, United States
Valley Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Madera, California, United States
UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland
🇺🇸Oakland, California, United States
Kaiser Permanente-Oakland
🇺🇸Oakland, California, United States
Children's Hospital of Orange County
🇺🇸Orange, California, United States
Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University
🇺🇸Palo Alto, California, United States
Sutter Medical Center Sacramento
🇺🇸Sacramento, California, United States
University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Sacramento, California, United States
Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego
🇺🇸San Diego, California, United States
Naval Medical Center -San Diego
🇺🇸San Diego, California, United States
UCSF Medical Center-Mission Bay
🇺🇸San Francisco, California, United States
Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
🇺🇸Torrance, California, United States
Children's Hospital Colorado
🇺🇸Aurora, Colorado, United States
Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children-Presbyterian Saint Luke's Medical Center
🇺🇸Denver, Colorado, United States
Connecticut Children's Medical Center
🇺🇸Hartford, Connecticut, United States
Yale University
🇺🇸New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children
🇺🇸Wilmington, Delaware, United States
MedStar Georgetown University Hospital
🇺🇸Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Children's National Medical Center
🇺🇸Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Golisano Children's Hospital of Southwest Florida
🇺🇸Fort Myers, Florida, United States
University of Florida Health Science Center - Gainesville
🇺🇸Gainesville, Florida, United States
Memorial Regional Hospital/Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Hollywood, Florida, United States
Nemours Children's Clinic-Jacksonville
🇺🇸Jacksonville, Florida, United States
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine-Sylvester Cancer Center
🇺🇸Miami, Florida, United States
Nicklaus Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Miami, Florida, United States
AdventHealth Orlando
🇺🇸Orlando, Florida, United States
Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children
🇺🇸Orlando, Florida, United States
Nemours Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Orlando, Florida, United States
Sacred Heart Hospital
🇺🇸Pensacola, Florida, United States
Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States
Tampa General Hospital
🇺🇸Tampa, Florida, United States
Saint Mary's Medical Center
🇺🇸West Palm Beach, Florida, United States
Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Arthur M Blank Hospital
🇺🇸Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Augusta University Medical Center
🇺🇸Augusta, Georgia, United States
Memorial Health University Medical Center
🇺🇸Savannah, Georgia, United States
Saint Joseph's Hospital/Children's Hospital-Tampa
🇺🇸Tampa, Florida, United States
Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children
🇺🇸Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
Saint Luke's Cancer Institute - Boise
🇺🇸Boise, Idaho, United States
Lurie Children's Hospital-Chicago
🇺🇸Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Illinois
🇺🇸Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Chicago, Illinois, United States
Loyola University Medical Center
🇺🇸Maywood, Illinois, United States
Advocate Children's Hospital-Oak Lawn
🇺🇸Oak Lawn, Illinois, United States
Advocate Children's Hospital-Park Ridge
🇺🇸Park Ridge, Illinois, United States
Saint Jude Midwest Affiliate
🇺🇸Peoria, Illinois, United States
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
🇺🇸Springfield, Illinois, United States
Riley Hospital for Children
🇺🇸Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Ascension Saint Vincent Indianapolis Hospital
🇺🇸Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Blank Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Des Moines, Iowa, United States
University of Iowa/Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Iowa City, Iowa, United States
University of Kentucky/Markey Cancer Center
🇺🇸Lexington, Kentucky, United States
Norton Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Louisville, Kentucky, United States
Children's Hospital New Orleans
🇺🇸New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
Ochsner Medical Center Jefferson
🇺🇸New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
Eastern Maine Medical Center
🇺🇸Bangor, Maine, United States
Maine Children's Cancer Program
🇺🇸Scarborough, Maine, United States
University of Maryland/Greenebaum Cancer Center
🇺🇸Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Sinai Hospital of Baltimore
🇺🇸Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
🇺🇸Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
🇺🇸Bethesda, Maryland, United States
Tufts Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
🇺🇸Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
🇺🇸Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Baystate Medical Center
🇺🇸Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
C S Mott Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Children's Hospital of Michigan
🇺🇸Detroit, Michigan, United States
Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute
🇺🇸Detroit, Michigan, United States
Henry Ford Health Saint John Hospital
🇺🇸Detroit, Michigan, United States
Michigan State University Clinical Center
🇺🇸East Lansing, Michigan, United States
Corewell Health Grand Rapids Hospitals - Butterworth Hospital
🇺🇸Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States
Corewell Health Grand Rapids Hospitals - Helen DeVos Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States
Bronson Methodist Hospital
🇺🇸Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
West Michigan Cancer Center
🇺🇸Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
Corewell Health Children's
🇺🇸Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota - Minneapolis
🇺🇸Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
University of Minnesota/Masonic Cancer Center
🇺🇸Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Mayo Clinic in Rochester
🇺🇸Rochester, Minnesota, United States
University of Mississippi Medical Center
🇺🇸Jackson, Mississippi, United States
University of Missouri Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Columbia, Missouri, United States
Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics
🇺🇸Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center
🇺🇸Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
Washington University School of Medicine
🇺🇸Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
Mercy Hospital Saint Louis
🇺🇸Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
Children's Hospital and Medical Center of Omaha
🇺🇸Omaha, Nebraska, United States
University of Nebraska Medical Center
🇺🇸Omaha, Nebraska, United States
University Medical Center of Southern Nevada
🇺🇸Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Sunrise Hospital and Medical Center
🇺🇸Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Alliance for Childhood Diseases/Cure 4 the Kids Foundation
🇺🇸Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Summerlin Hospital Medical Center
🇺🇸Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Renown Regional Medical Center
🇺🇸Reno, Nevada, United States
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Dartmouth Cancer Center
🇺🇸Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
Hackensack University Medical Center
🇺🇸Hackensack, New Jersey, United States
Morristown Medical Center
🇺🇸Morristown, New Jersey, United States
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital
🇺🇸New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
Newark Beth Israel Medical Center
🇺🇸Newark, New Jersey, United States
Saint Joseph's Regional Medical Center
🇺🇸Paterson, New Jersey, United States
University of New Mexico Cancer Center
🇺🇸Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
Albany Medical Center
🇺🇸Albany, New York, United States
Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus
🇺🇸Bronx, New York, United States
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
🇺🇸Buffalo, New York, United States
The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York
🇺🇸New Hyde Park, New York, United States
Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
Mount Sinai Hospital
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
NYP/Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
NYP/Weill Cornell Medical Center
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
Stony Brook University Medical Center
🇺🇸Stony Brook, New York, United States
State University of New York Upstate Medical University
🇺🇸Syracuse, New York, United States
New York Medical College
🇺🇸Valhalla, New York, United States
Mission Hospital
🇺🇸Asheville, North Carolina, United States
UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute
🇺🇸Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center
🇺🇸Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
Duke University Medical Center
🇺🇸Durham, North Carolina, United States
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
🇺🇸Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron
🇺🇸Akron, Ohio, United States
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
🇺🇸Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital
🇺🇸Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
🇺🇸Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Nationwide Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Columbus, Ohio, United States
Dayton Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Dayton, Ohio, United States
ProMedica Toledo Hospital/Russell J Ebeid Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Toledo, Ohio, United States
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
🇺🇸Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
Legacy Emanuel Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Portland, Oregon, United States
Oregon Health and Science University
🇺🇸Portland, Oregon, United States
Lehigh Valley Hospital-Cedar Crest
🇺🇸Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States
Geisinger Medical Center
🇺🇸Danville, Pennsylvania, United States
Penn State Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
🇺🇸Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Saint Christopher's Hospital for Children
🇺🇸Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
🇺🇸Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Rhode Island Hospital
🇺🇸Providence, Rhode Island, United States
Medical University of South Carolina
🇺🇸Charleston, South Carolina, United States
Prisma Health Richland Hospital
🇺🇸Columbia, South Carolina, United States
BI-LO Charities Children's Cancer Center
🇺🇸Greenville, South Carolina, United States
Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls
🇺🇸Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
T C Thompson Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States
East Tennessee Childrens Hospital
🇺🇸Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital
🇺🇸Memphis, Tennessee, United States
The Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial
🇺🇸Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center
🇺🇸Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas
🇺🇸Austin, Texas, United States
Driscoll Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Corpus Christi, Texas, United States
Medical City Dallas Hospital
🇺🇸Dallas, Texas, United States
UT Southwestern/Simmons Cancer Center-Dallas
🇺🇸Dallas, Texas, United States
El Paso Children's Hospital
🇺🇸El Paso, Texas, United States
Cook Children's Medical Center
🇺🇸Fort Worth, Texas, United States
Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Houston, Texas, United States
M D Anderson Cancer Center
🇺🇸Houston, Texas, United States
Covenant Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Lubbock, Texas, United States
UMC Cancer Center / UMC Health System
🇺🇸Lubbock, Texas, United States
Children's Hospital of San Antonio
🇺🇸San Antonio, Texas, United States
Methodist Children's Hospital of South Texas
🇺🇸San Antonio, Texas, United States
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
🇺🇸San Antonio, Texas, United States
Scott and White Memorial Hospital
🇺🇸Temple, Texas, United States
Primary Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
University of Vermont and State Agricultural College
🇺🇸Burlington, Vermont, United States
University of Virginia Cancer Center
🇺🇸Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
Inova Fairfax Hospital
🇺🇸Falls Church, Virginia, United States
Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
🇺🇸Norfolk, Virginia, United States
Naval Medical Center - Portsmouth
🇺🇸Portsmouth, Virginia, United States
Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center
🇺🇸Richmond, Virginia, United States
Seattle Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Seattle, Washington, United States
Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Spokane, Washington, United States
Mary Bridge Children's Hospital and Health Center
🇺🇸Tacoma, Washington, United States
Madigan Army Medical Center
🇺🇸Tacoma, Washington, United States
West Virginia University Charleston Division
🇺🇸Charleston, West Virginia, United States
West Virginia University Healthcare
🇺🇸Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - University Hospital
🇺🇸Madison, Wisconsin, United States
Marshfield Medical Center-Marshfield
🇺🇸Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States
Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
🇺🇸Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
John Hunter Children's Hospital
🇦🇺Hunter Regional Mail Centre, New South Wales, Australia
Sydney Children's Hospital
🇦🇺Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
The Children's Hospital at Westmead
🇦🇺Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
Queensland Children's Hospital
🇦🇺South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Women's and Children's Hospital-Adelaide
🇦🇺North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Royal Children's Hospital
🇦🇺Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Perth Children's Hospital
🇦🇺Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Alberta Children's Hospital
🇨🇦Calgary, Alberta, Canada
University of Alberta Hospital
🇨🇦Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
CancerCare Manitoba
🇨🇦Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
IWK Health Centre
🇨🇦Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
McMaster Children's Hospital at Hamilton Health Sciences
🇨🇦Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Kingston Health Sciences Centre
🇨🇦Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Children's Hospital
🇨🇦London, Ontario, Canada
Hospital for Sick Children
🇨🇦Toronto, Ontario, Canada
The Montreal Children's Hospital of the MUHC
🇨🇦Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine
🇨🇦Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Christchurch Hospital
🇳🇿Christchurch, New Zealand
San Jorge Children's Hospital
🇵🇷San Juan, Puerto Rico
University Pediatric Hospital
🇵🇷San Juan, Puerto Rico
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre
🇸🇦Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Jim Pattison Children's Hospital
🇨🇦Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Saskatoon Cancer Centre
🇨🇦Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
CHU de Quebec-Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite Laval (CHUL)
🇨🇦Quebec, Canada
Starship Children's Hospital
🇳🇿Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand