Ketone Supplementation, Glycogen Replenishment and Time Trial Performance Following Glycogen Lowering Exercise

Not Applicable

• Conditions: Ketonemia; Exercise Performance; Ketosis
• Interventions: Behavioral: 20 km time trial performance; Behavioral: Glycogen lowering exercise

• Registration Number: NCT04004676
• Lead Sponsor: Western University, Canada

Brief Summary

20 healthy trained males will volunteer to participate in this study. there will be 2 treatments: Carbohydrate- ketone supplementation and carbohydrate alone. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of glucose-ketone supplementation on a 20 km cycling time trial with a 2-hour feeding during a 4-hour recovery period following glycogen depleting exercise.

Detailed Description

Carbohydrates (starches \& sugars) are important muscle fuel for exercise at moderate to high intensities. Low glycogen content (stored form of carbohydrates in the body) is associated with fatigue. Thus, greater initial glycogen content has been associated with better performance not only in high intensity intermittent sports, but also in prolonged endurance sports. Dose-response studies have determined that ingestion of 1.2 g·kg-1·h-1 of CHO is the appropriate acute recovery dose to optimize glycogen repletion, with no apparent benefit at higher doses. Protein in combination with CHO has also been proposed to enhance glycogen resynthesis when 1 part protein is provided with \~4 parts CHO. Both strategies, optimal CHO intake and CHO in combination with protein for glycogen resynthesis, have resulted in better exercise performance a few hours after a depleting exercise bout. A recent study provided athletes with ketone esters in a drink after glycogen depleting exercise and found that in the presence of high glucose availability, ketone esters increased glycogen stores by 50% compared to a no ketone, high carbohydrate treatment. However, the authors of this study provided a large quantity of carbohydrates intravenously to maintain blood glucose at 10Mm/L. Consequently, it is unknown whether or not ingesting glucose at the optimal dosage would have the same effect. Furthermore, it is unclear whether or not this difference would translate into improved performance in efforts of more moderate duration. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the effect of glucose-ketone supplementation on a 20 km cycling time trial with a 2-hour feeding during a 4-hour recovery period following glycogen depleting exercise.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2019-06-27
• Study First Submitted QC: 2019-06-27
• Study First Posted: 2019-07-02
• Status Verified: 2019-09
• Study Start: 2019-09-01
• Last Update Submitted: 2019-09-30
• Last Update Posted: 2019-10-02
• Primary Completion: 2020-09-01
• Study Completion: 2020-09-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: UNKNOWN
• Sex: Male
• Target Recruitment: 20

Inclusion Criteria

• In order to be eligible to participate in this study you must be a healthy male or female exercise trained individual (at least 1y training experience - at least 3x week), aged 18-40 years.

Exclusion Criteria

• have not involved been involved in regular exercise (at least 3x week for at least the past year)
• Have symptoms or take medication for respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, neuromuscular disease
• Use any medications with side effects of dizziness, lack of motor control, or slowed reaction time
• Are taking part in another research study
• For women, if you are pregnant or become pregnant during the study.
• Have a history of concussion/head injuries.
• Have an excessive alcohol intake (>2 drinks/day)
• Are a smoker

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Ketone_CHO	20 km time trial performance	Ketone - Carbohydrate supplementation will be ingested post glycogen lowering exercise, followed by a 20 km time trial intervention
Placebo	20 km time trial performance	isocaloric carbohydrate - only containing drink will be ingested post glycogen lowering exercise, followed by a 20 km time trial intervention
Placebo	Glycogen lowering exercise	isocaloric carbohydrate - only containing drink will be ingested post glycogen lowering exercise, followed by a 20 km time trial intervention
Ketone_CHO	Glycogen lowering exercise	Ketone - Carbohydrate supplementation will be ingested post glycogen lowering exercise, followed by a 20 km time trial intervention

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
20 km cycling time trial	40 minutes	participants will ride for 20 km on a stationary bike and time to finish will be measured

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Blood insulin	2 hours	insulin in blood will be measured using ELISA kits
Blood Lactate	45 minutes	blood lactate will be measured using lactate meter
Blood Ketones	2 hours	Ketones in blood will be measured using ketone meter

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Exercise Nutrition Laboratory (Western University); 🇨🇦 London, Ontario, Canada