Evaluating whether repeated exposure to a smaller portion at lunch is an effective approach to reduce energy intake and if small enhancements to foods can increase meal satisfaction for a smaller portio
- Conditions
- ObesityNutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine
- Registration Number
- ISRCTN16303598
- Lead Sponsor
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
- Brief Summary
Not available
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- Completed
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 156
1. BMI =20 kg/m2
2. Aged between 18 and 70
3. Willing and able to eat all foods provided and to comply with study procedures
1. Non-English speaking
2. Vegetarian, Vegan, has food allergies or intolerances to any of the food to be provided
3. Smokes more than 5 cigarettes a day
4. Drinks more than 14 units of alcohol per week
5. Has diabetes
6. Has a history of eating disorders
7. Is pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant during the study
8. Is taking medication that may influence appetite (except for oral contraceptive pills )
9. Indicates that lunch is their main meal of the day
10. Does not indicate that they are familiar with eating sandwiches for lunch.
11. Taken part in any of the preparatory studies that informed this research previously undertaken in our laboratory
Study & Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method <br> 1. 24-hour energy intake is measured using the 24-hour energy intake calcuated from the consumption of meals and snacks. Participants attend the laboratory to consume an ab libitum breakfast, the fixed portion lunch and an ad libitum dinner on day one, day three and day ten of the intervention.<br> 2. Meal Satisfaction is measured using a 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale immediately after eating the test lunch on day one, day three and day ten of the intervention<br> 3. Meal Enjoyment is measured using a 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale immediately after eating the test lunch on day one, day three and day ten of the intervention<br>
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Body weight is measured using scales at the start of each test day (day one, day three and day ten).