Experimentally Testing the Effectiveness of a Campus-based Bystander Intervention
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Enrollment
- 4,385
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Bystander Intentions
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a bystander intervention education program on college students' attitudes and behaviors associated with bystander intervention and sexual violence.
Detailed Description
This study used a randomized control trial, longitudinal design to determine the impact of a peer education theater intervention on undergraduate student attitudes and behaviors related to sexual violence and bystander intervention. Students were assigned to either an experimental group (receiving 3-4 doses of the intervention ) or a comparison group (receiving 1 dose only) and were surveyed six times over an 18 month period.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Prevention
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 21 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Incoming first year students in the fall semester of 2010
- •Age 18 - 21
- •Attended Summer Orientation session
Exclusion Criteria
- •Incoming transfer students
- •Younger than 18 or older than 21
Arms & Interventions
Treatment1
The Treatment1 group received SCREAM Theater Dose 1, SCREAM Theater Dose 2 and SCREAM Theater Dose 3.
Intervention: SCREAM Theater Dose 1 (Behavioral)
Treatment1
The Treatment1 group received SCREAM Theater Dose 1, SCREAM Theater Dose 2 and SCREAM Theater Dose 3.
Intervention: SCREAM Theater Doses 2 & SCREAM Theater Dose 3 (Behavioral)
Treatment2
The Treatment2 group received SCREAM Theater Dose 1, SCREAM Theater Dose 2, SCREAM Theater Dose 3 and SCREAM Theater Dose 4.
Intervention: SCREAM Theater Dose 4 (Behavioral)
Treatment2
The Treatment2 group received SCREAM Theater Dose 1, SCREAM Theater Dose 2, SCREAM Theater Dose 3 and SCREAM Theater Dose 4.
Intervention: SCREAM Theater Dose 1 (Behavioral)
Treatment2
The Treatment2 group received SCREAM Theater Dose 1, SCREAM Theater Dose 2, SCREAM Theater Dose 3 and SCREAM Theater Dose 4.
Intervention: SCREAM Theater Doses 2 & SCREAM Theater Dose 3 (Behavioral)
Control
The control group received SCREAM Theater Dose 1.
Intervention: SCREAM Theater Dose 1 (Behavioral)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Bystander Intentions
Time Frame: Change from baseline in bystander intentions to up to twenty months
To measure intentions to be a bystander, we used the Bystander Attitude Scale, Revised (BAS-R) which is a modified version of Banyard's Bystander scale (Banyard, Plante, \& Moynihan, 2005; see McMahon et al., in press, for scale development information). Participants were asked to indicate how likely they were to engage in the behavior in the future on a Likert scale from 1 - 5, "Unlikely" to "Very likely." Students' bystander intentions were assessed via (1) a paper survey in June, July or August 2010 (baseline); (2) a follow-up web-based survey in early September, 2010; (3) a follow-up web-based survey in early December 2010; (4) a follow-up web-based survey in February, 2011; (5) a follow-up web-based survey in September, 2011 and (6) a final follow-up web-based survey in February 2012.
Bystander Intentions
Time Frame: Change from baseline in bystander intentions to up to fifteen months
To measure intentions to be a bystander, we used the Bystander Attitude Scale, Revised (BAS-R) which is a modified version of Banyard's Bystander scale (Banyard, Plante, \& Moynihan, 2005; see McMahon et al., in press, for scale development information). Participants were asked to indicate how likely they were to engage in the behavior in the future on a Likert scale from 1 - 5, "Unlikely" to "Very likely." Students' bystander intentions were assessed via (1) a paper survey in June, July or August 2010 (baseline); (2) a follow-up web-based survey in early September, 2010; (3) a follow-up web-based survey in early December 2010; (4) a follow-up web-based survey in February, 2011; and (5) a follow-up web-based survey in September, 2011. After the September, 2011 survey, experimental group participants were randomized to receive one additional dose (a booster session) or no additional doses.
Bystander Intentions
Time Frame: Change from baseline in bystander intentions to up to three months
To measure intentions to be a bystander, we used the Bystander Attitude Scale, Revised (BAS-R) which is a modified version of Banyard's Bystander scale (Banyard, Plante, \& Moynihan, 2005; see McMahon et al., in press, for scale development information). Participants were asked to indicate how likely they were to engage in the behavior in the future on a Likert scale from 1 - 5, "Unlikely" to "Very likely." Students' bystander intentions were assessed via (1) a paper survey in June, July or August 2010 (baseline) and (2) a follow-up web-based survey in early September, 2010. All study participants received one dose of the intervention in June, July or August.
Bystander Intentions
Time Frame: Change from baseline in bystander intentions to up to six months
To measure intentions to be a bystander, we used the Bystander Attitude Scale, Revised (BAS-R) which is a modified version of Banyard's Bystander scale (Banyard, Plante, \& Moynihan, 2005; see McMahon et al., in press, for scale development information). Participants were asked to indicate how likely they were to engage in the behavior in the future on a Likert scale from 1 - 5, "Unlikely" to "Very likely." Students' bystander intentions were assessed via (1) a paper survey in June, July or August 2010 (baseline); (2) a follow-up web-based survey in early September, 2010; and (3) a follow-up web-based survey in early December 2010. After the September, 2010 follow-up survey, participants were randomized to either receive two additional doses in October, 2010 and November, 2010 (experimental group) or no additional doses (control group).
Bystander Intentions
Time Frame: Change from baseline in bystander intentions to up to eight months
To measure intentions to be a bystander, we used the Bystander Attitude Scale, Revised (BAS-R) which is a modified version of Banyard's Bystander scale (Banyard, Plante, \& Moynihan, 2005; see McMahon et al., in press, for scale development information). Participants were asked to indicate how likely they were to engage in the behavior in the future on a Likert scale from 1 - 5, "Unlikely" to "Very likely." Students' bystander intentions were assessed via (1) a paper survey in June, July or August 2010 (baseline); (2) a follow-up web-based survey in early September, 2010; (3) a follow-up web-based survey in early December 2010; and (4) a follow-up web-based survey in February, 2011.
Secondary Outcomes
- Proclivity to Perpetrate Sexual Violence(Change from baseline in proclivity to perpetrate sexual violence to up to twenty months)
- Bystander Efficacy(Change from baseline in bystander efficacy to up to twenty months)
- Sexual Violence Perpetration(Change from baseline in sexual violence perpetration to up to twenty months)
- Rape Myth Acceptance(Change from baseline in rape myth acceptance to up to twenty months)
- Bystander Friend Norms(Change from baseline in bystander friend norms to up to twenty months)
- Bystander Behavior(Change from baseline in bystander behavior to up to twenty months)
- Bystander Friend Norms(Change from baseline in bystander friend norms to up to six months)
- Bystander Friend Norms(Change from baseline in bystander friend norms to up to three months)
- Bystander Friend Norms(Change from baseline in bystander friend norms to up to eight months)
- Bystander Friend Norms(Change from baseline in bystander friend norms to up to fifteen months)
- Bystander Efficacy(Change from baseline in bystander efficacy to up to three months)
- Bystander Behavior(Change from baseline in bystander behavior to up to six months)
- Bystander Efficacy(Change from baseline in bystander efficacy to up to six months)
- Bystander Efficacy(Change from baseline in bystander efficacy to up to eight months)
- Bystander Efficacy(Change from baseline in bystander efficacy to up to fifteen months)
- Bystander Behavior(Change from baseline in bystander behavior to up to three months)
- Bystander Behavior(Change from baseline in bystander behavior to up to eight months)
- Bystander Behavior(Change from baseline in bystander behavior to up to fifteen months)
- Rape Myth Acceptance(Change from baseline in rape myth acceptance to up to three months)
- Rape Myth Acceptance(Change from baseline in rape myth acceptance to up to six months)
- Rape Myth Acceptance(Change from baseline in rape myth acceptance to up to eight months)
- Rape Myth Acceptance(Change from baseline in rape myth acceptance to up to fifteen months)
- Proclivity to Perpetrate Sexual Violence(Change from baseline in proclivity to perpetrate sexual violence to up to three months)
- Proclivity to Perpetrate Sexual Violence(Change from baseline in proclivity to perpetrate sexual violence to up to six months)
- Proclivity to Perpetrate Sexual Violence(Change from baseline in proclivity to perpetrate sexual violence to up to eight months)
- Proclivity to Perpetrate Sexual Violence(Change from baseline in proclivity to perpetrate sexual violence up to fifteen months)
- Sexual Violence Perpetration(Change from baseline in sexual violence perpetration to up to three months)
- Sexual Violence Perpetration(Change from baseline in sexual violence perpetration to up to six months)
- Sexual Violence Perpetration(Change from baseline in sexual violence perpetration to up to eight months)
- Sexual Violence Perpetration(Change from baseline in sexual violence perpetration to up to fifteen months)