Effects of Volleyball-Specific Stroboscopic Training on Neuro-Psychophysiological Responses Across Different Experience Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 42
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Prefrontal Cortical Activation (fNIRS)
研究概览
简要总结
This study aims to investigate the effects of an 8-week volleyball-specific stroboscopic training program on neuro-psychophysiological outcomes in female volleyball players with different levels of competitive experience. Participants will be categorized as novice, intermediate, or elite athletes and randomly assigned to either a stroboscopic training group or a control group. Both groups will continue their regular volleyball training, while only the intervention group will perform additional volleyball-specific drills using stroboscopic glasses. Neuro-psychophysiological assessments, including heart rate variability, electrodermal activity, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, dual-task performance, and eye-tracking measures, will be conducted before and after the training period. The study aims to determine whether stroboscopic training induces differential adaptations across experience levels and contributes to improved neuro-psychophysiological regulation associated with sport performance.
详细描述
This study is designed as a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of volleyball-specific stroboscopic training on neuro-psychophysiological outcomes in athletes with different levels of competitive experience. Female volleyball players aged 10-16 years will be classified into three experience-based groups (novice, intermediate, and elite) according to their training history. Within each experience level, participants will be randomly assigned to either a stroboscopic training group or a control group, resulting in six study groups in total.
All participants will continue their routine volleyball training throughout the study period. In addition, athletes in the intervention group will complete an 8-week volleyball-specific stroboscopic training program, performed three times per week for a total of 24 sessions. Each training session will last approximately 35 minutes and will consist of volleyball-related drills, including passing, setting, receiving, rotation-based movements, and reaction-based tasks. Participants in the stroboscopic training group will perform these drills while wearing stroboscopic glasses with progressively adjusted visual disruption parameters, whereas the control group will perform the same drills under normal visual conditions.
Neuro-psychophysiological assessments will be conducted before and after the training period. Primary and secondary outcome measures will include heart rate variability, electrodermal activity, functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings of prefrontal cortical activity, dual-task performance under varying levels of cognitive-motor demand, and eye-tracking parameters such as pupil diameter and fixation behavior. Psychological measures will also be collected using validated self-report instruments.
All measurements will be performed under standardized laboratory conditions. The study aims to determine whether stroboscopic training leads to differential neuro-psychophysiological adaptations across experience levels and whether such adaptations are associated with improved regulation of cognitive, physiological, and perceptual-motor processes relevant to volleyball performance.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
Outcome assessors and data analysts will be blinded to group allocation during data processing and analysis. Participants and care providers cannot be blinded due to the nature of the stroboscopic training intervention.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 10 Years 至 16 Years（Child）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Female volleyball players aged 10 to 16 years
- •Actively competing in organized volleyball
- •Regular participation in team training sessions
- •Classified as novice, intermediate, or elite based on training experience
- •Written parental/legal guardian informed consent and participant assent obtained
排除标准
- •Presence of any chronic medical condition affecting study outcomes
- •Use of supplements or medications that may influence performance
- •Current injury or participation in a rehabilitation program
- •Failure to attend scheduled training sessions
- •Inability to complete baseline or post-intervention assessments
- •Injury occurring during the study period that prevents continued participation
研究组 & 干预措施
Stroboscopic Training Group
Participants will continue their regular volleyball training and perform the same volleyball-specific drills as the intervention group for 8 weeks. All exercises will be completed under normal visual conditions without the use of stroboscopic glasses.
干预措施: Stroboscopic Volleyball Training (Behavioral)
Control Group
Participants will continue their regular volleyball training and perform the same volleyball-specific drills as the intervention group for 8 weeks. All exercises will be completed under normal visual conditions without the use of stroboscopic glasses.
干预措施: Conventional Volleyball Training (Control) (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Prefrontal Cortical Activation (fNIRS)
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the 8-week intervention.
Change in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy during dual-task performance
Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the 8-week intervention.
Change in heart rate variability indices reflecting autonomic nervous system regulation, assessed at rest using a photoplethysmography-based system.
Dual-Task Performance
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the 8-week intervention.
Change in reaction time and task performance under increasing levels of cognitive-motor demand assessed using a standardized dual-task protocol.
Electrodermal Activity (EDA)
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the 8-week intervention.
Change in skin conductance responses reflecting sympathetic nervous system activity recorded during task performance.
Eye-Tracking Measures
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the 8-week intervention.
Change in pupil diameter, fixation duration, and visual search behavior assessed using a wearable eye-tracking system during dual-task performance.
次要结局
- Psychological Status (Depression, Anxiety, Stress)(Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the 8-week intervention.)
研究者
Izzet Kirkaya
Associate Professor
Bozok University