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Ketogenic Diet Treatment of Obesity With Co-morbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Phase 2
Conditions
Obesity
Diabetes
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Interventions
Other: Ketogenic diet
Other: Standardized diet
Registration Number
NCT02069197
Lead Sponsor
Mid-Atlantic Epilepsy and Sleep Center, LLC
Brief Summary

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ketogenic diet (KD) treatment of (i) obesity, (ii) type 2 diabetes mellitus and (iii) obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with obesity and Type 2 DM and in patients with obesity and/or OSA. This will be a randomized, open-label three arm controlled study comparing weight loss in obese participants with type 2 diabetes and/or obstructive sleep apnea treated for 9 months with 3:1 \[fat\]:\[protein+carbohydrate\] ratio, 1600 kcal/day diet (Group A) with weight loss in participants treated with orlistat 120 mg TID and lifestyle intervention consisting of dietary advice, recommended caloric goal of 1600 kcal/day (Group B), and in participants treated with only lifestyle intervention consisting of dietary advice, recommended caloric goal of 1600 kcal/day (Group C).

Detailed Description

The study sample will be randomized into three treatment arms, KD (Group A, n=50), Orlistat 120 mg TID (Group B, n=50) and dietary and lifestyle counseling (Group C, n=50) in a 1:1:1 ratio. Each arm will include 100% participants with obesity and co-morbid type 2 DM and 50% participants with co-morbid OSA. Randomization will be stratified for diabetic status.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
UNKNOWN
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
150
Inclusion Criteria
  • age 18-70
  • ability and willingness to signed informed consent form
  • BMI more than 30kg/m2, with type 2 DM and/or OSA
  • For diabetic participants, stable hypoglycemic medications for at least 2 months
  • For participants with OSA, previously documented polysomnogram with apnea/hypopnea index (AHI)>15/h.
Exclusion Criteria
  • BMI change of +/- 3.0 kg/m2 of baseline BMI within past 12 months.
  • History of bariatric surgery ≤ 3 years prior to enrollment.
  • Any systemic illness or unstable medical condition that might pose additional risk, including: cardiac, unstable metabolic or endocrine disturbances, renal or liver disease, past history of renal calculi, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, mitochondrial disease, known disorder of fatty acid metabolism, porphyria, and active systemic cancer.
  • History of uncontrolled hyperlipidemia
  • For participants with DM, change in the dose or type of hypoglycemic treatment within 2 months prior to enrollment.
  • Psychosis within six months of enrollment, evidenced by treatment with anti-psychotic medications with recent medication initiation or dose increase.
  • Active drug or alcohol dependence or any other factors that, in the opinion of the site investigators would interfere with adherence to study requirements;
  • History of hyperthyroidism
  • History of glaucoma
  • History of cerebrovascular disease or unstable heart disease within 6 months of enrollment
  • Pregnancy
  • Use of any investigational drugs within 3 months of enrollment.
  • Inability or unwillingness of subject to give written informed consent.

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
FACTORIAL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Ketogenic diet, lifestyle counselingKetogenic dietketogenic diet consisted of 3:1\[fat\]:\[protein+carbohydrate\] weight ratio with 1600kcal restriction.
Standartized diet, Lifestyle counselingStandardized dietStandardized diet and lifestyle-modification counseling based on the LEARN (Lifestyle, Exercise, Attitudes, Relationship, Nutrition) program with recommended caloric goal of 1600kcal/day.
Orlistat, Lifestyle counselingOrlistatOrlistat 120 mg TID, standardized diet and lifestyle-modification counseling based on the LEARN (Life, Exercise, Attitudes, Relationships,and Nutrition) program with recommended caloric goal of 1600 kcal/day.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change of body mass index from baseline in 9 months period9 months

The change of weight and the BMI(body mass index) will be calculated.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change from baseline in glucose blood level in patients with diabetes mellitus in 9 months.9 months

HbA1C, fasting serum glucose insulin and leptin levels and fasting lipid levels

Change of apnea/hypopnea index in patients with obstructive sleep apnea in patients with obesity9 months

For participants with OSA, secondary outcome will include polysomnogram-derived apnea/hypopnea index.

Level of alertness will be evaluated with Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

To evaluate safety of ketogenic diet as a treatment of obesity.9 months

Evaluate in serum levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, electrolytes, renal and liver functions, uric acid, HbA1C, serum lipid profile, insulin and leptin levels, CRP.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Mid-Atlantic Epilepsy and Sleep Center, LLC

🇺🇸

Bethesda, Maryland, United States

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