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iNO300 Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Pneumonia

Early Phase 1
Not yet recruiting
Conditions
Critical Illness
Pneumonia
Interventions
Drug: High dose inhaled nitric oxide
Other: Sham treatment
Other: standard therapy
Registration Number
NCT06950294
Lead Sponsor
Massachusetts General Hospital
Brief Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn the formation and recovery rate of methemoglobin (MetHb) in severely sick patients with pneumonia who receive high doses of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy at 250 parts per million (ppm), not exceeding 300 ppm. Meanwhile, the benefits of the therapy to treat severely sick patients with pneumonia will be explored. Patients who are 18 years or older, newly diagnosed with pneumonia, and severely sick with requirement of a breathing machine could be included. The main questions it aims to answer are:

How does methemoglobin change through the iNO treatment? Does iNO therapy increase the number of patients recovering from pneumonia? Researchers will compare iNO treatment to placebo, which means using the same device as the treatment group without delivering the study drug.

Participants will:

* Receive iNO treatment starting at 250 ppm, not exceeding 300 ppm, 40 min, every 6 hours, from day 1 to day 5

* Be followed up for 60 days

Detailed Description

This study is designed as a pilot, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial to investigate levels of methemoglobin in the treatment group versus the control group and efficacy of high dose inhaled NO among critically ill patients with pneumonia. We will enroll 34 adult patients with newly diagnosed pneumonia and invasive mechanical ventilation who are admitted to the ICUs at Massachusetts General Hospital.

After enrollment, participants will be randomized in 1:1 ratio to intervention group or control group. Baseline characteristics will be collected.

During treatment period, patients allocated to the intervention group will receive high dose inhaled NO starting at 250 ppm (not exceeding 300 ppm), 40min, 4 times daily, for 5 days. The control group will receive sham intervention. Both groups will receive standard therapy.

During follow-up period, we will follow participants for a total duration of 60 days. Methemoglobin kinetic levels and efficacy outcomes will be collected.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
34
Inclusion Criteria
  • 18 years or older
  • Intubated and mechanically ventilated
  • Within 72h of diagnosis of community- or hospital-acquired pneumonia
  • Written informed consent obtained from patients or legally authorized representatives
Exclusion Criteria
  • Obvious signs of pregnancy (the third trimester) or active lactation.
  • Baseline methemoglobin 3% or higher
  • Genetic diseases including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency, sickle cell disease
  • Oxygen saturation < 88% on 100% inspired fraction of oxygen
  • Anemia with hemoglobin < 7.0 g/dl
  • Documented history of left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%
  • Acute cardiogenic shock requiring inotropic or mechanical support with an ejection fraction less than 20%
  • eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m^2 or use of continuous renal replacement therapy
  • Platelet count less than 30,000/μl and/or high risk of bleeding
  • A decision to do-not-resuscitate
  • Enrollment in another experimental antimicrobial treatment protocol

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
iNO300 groupHigh dose inhaled nitric oxideHigh dose inhaled nitric oxide starting at 250 ppm (not exceeding 300 ppm) , 40min, 4 times daily, from day 1 to day 5
iNO300 groupstandard therapyHigh dose inhaled nitric oxide starting at 250 ppm (not exceeding 300 ppm) , 40min, 4 times daily, from day 1 to day 5
Control groupSham treatmentSham intervention with the nitric oxide delivering and monitoring devices connected as the intervention group
Control groupstandard therapySham intervention with the nitric oxide delivering and monitoring devices connected as the intervention group
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Peaks of methomoglobinFrom Day 1 to Day 5

Continuous recording of MetHb and peaks of MetHb will be determined.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
ICU length of stayFrom enrollment to the day of ICU discharge or death, whichever comes earlier, assessed up to 60 days

ICU length of stay

FeasibilityFrom enrollment to Day 60

Referral, recruitment, retention, compliance and follow-up completion rates of the study

Nitrogen dioxide levelFrom Day 1 to Day 5

Continuous measurement of nitrogen dioxide concentration in the inspiratory limb of breathing circuit

28-day all cause mortalityFrom enrollment to Day 28

All cause mortality from enrollment to Day 28

Clinical cure rate of pneumoniaFrom enrollment to test of cure day (4 -11 days post end of treatment)

Clinical cure is assessed at test of cure (4 -11 days post end of treatment) and defined as resolution of clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia compared with baseline, including a reduction in SOFA and CPIS scores, improvement or lack of progression in chest imaging, and no requirement for additional antibacterial treatment.

Clinical improvement rate of pneumoniaDay 5

Clinical improvement is assessed at end of treatment and defined as improvement in 2 or more clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia compared with baseline, improvement or lack of progression of chest x-ray abnormalities, and no requirement for additional antibacterial treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia include new onset or worsening cough, purulent sputum or increased suction requirements, auscultation findings of pneumonia, dyspnea, tachypnea, or respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, hypoxemia, worsening gas exchange.

Microbiologic eradication rateFrom enrollment to test of cure day (4 -11 days post end of treatment)

Absence of the baseline pathogen from tracheal aspiration or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid will be confirmed. If it is not possible to obtain an appropriate clinical specimen for culture and the patient has a successful clinical outcome, the response was presumed to be eradication.

60-day all cause mortalityFrom enrollment to Day 60

All cause mortality from enrollment to Day 60

28-day ventilator free daysFrom enrollment to Day 28

Successful liberation from mechanical ventilation should last more than 48 h without re-intubation in patients who have survived 28 days after randomization (extubation was counted from the last successful attempt in patients who have survived 28 days since randomization) and for patients ventilated for 28 days or more or who died before 28 days (irrespective of intubation status), the number of ventilator-free days was recorded at zero.

Days free from organ support in 28 daysFrom enrollment to Day 28

Organ support includes mechanical ventilation, vasopressors and renal replacement therapy.

Blood stream infectionFrom enrollment to Day 28

Positive blood culture with a pathogenic bacterium

Days free from antibiotics during hospitalizationFrom enrollment to the day of hospital discharge or death, whichever comes earlier, assessed up to 60 days

Days free from antibiotics during hospitalization

Acquisition of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infection or colonizationFrom enrollment to Day 28

Multidrug-resistant infection is defined as pathogen acquiring non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antibiotic categories

Hospital stayFrom enrollment to the day of hospital discharge or death, whichever comes earlier, assessed up to 60 days

Days from enrollment to the end of hospitalization

Inflammatory markersFrom enrollment to test of cure (4-11 days post end of treatment)

The test includes C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10).

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