Social Media Intervention for Postpartum Depression

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Postpartum Depression
Parenting

Interventions: Behavioral: Traditional In-Person Intervention
Behavioral: Social Media Intervention

Registration Number: NCT02355067

Lead Sponsor: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Brief Summary: This study is intended to compare the acceptability and feasibility and explore outcomes related to two different formats of a parenting program for mothers with postpartum depressive symptoms. One version will be a traditional, in-person group format, while the other will be a social media group format. The investigators will also explore the differences in outcomes of both formats, looking at depressive symptoms, parenting sense of competency, and parenting interactions with children.

Detailed Description: Postpartum depressive symptoms are common among women following the birth of a child and can adversely impact a mother's ability to care for her child. Evidence-based parent coaching programs have been developed to guide mothers with caring for their infants but do not address the effects of depression on parenting, can be expensive to administer, and are not available in a format that facilitates participation by women with depressive symptoms. We have adapted a previously validated parent coaching intervention, the Parents Interacting with Infants (PIWI) program, for use with depressed parents by inclusion of educational material based on Beardslee's cognitive psycho-educational family model. The program spans 8 weeks, each week focusing on a specific topic. The topics covered are: psychoeducation regarding depression and behavioral activation for coping with high levels of stress, sleep, play, laughter, feeding, temperament, safety, and reading with infants.

We will conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing two versions of the parent coaching program: social media and traditional in-person group formats. We've modified the PIWI program to address barriers to participation through social media format using secret Facebook user groups. We will assess the feasibility and acceptability of the social media program compared to a traditional group format by examining the proportion of subjects who attend group sessions or "like" Facebook sessions. Women who consent to participate in the study will be assigned by randomization to one format or the other in blocks of 20.

Women will complete measures of feasibility and acceptability and measures of depressive symptoms, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II - Appendix 2) Scale and parenting competence, Parenting Sense of Competency (PSOC - Appendix 3 scales) prior to (time 0) and after the intervention (time 8-12 weeks post enrollment). In addition, mothers and infants in phase III will be videotaped during a 16-minute free play using a standardized measure of parenting interaction (PICCOLO) following completion of the intervention. The measures will provide important information on the effects of parent coaching formats on a new mother's depressive symptoms, her sense of parenting confidence, and her parenting interactions with her infant.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: Female

Target Recruitment: 40

Inclusion Criteria

Females
15 years of age or older at the start of the study
English speaking
Access to the internet via a computer or a smartphone
Mother of a child 1-3 months old
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score of 9 or higher
Informed consent and HIPAA authorization.

Exclusion Criteria

Have significant suicidal symptoms. Significant suicide risk is defined as current suicidal intent and a plan for suicidal behavior.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
In-Person Format	Traditional In-Person Intervention	Traditional In-Person Intervention for Women with postpartum depression (PPD)
Social Media Format	Social Media Intervention	Social Media Intervention for women with postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Attendance	8 weeks	Percentage of participants who attend each group session or check in online weekly. This is averaged over the course of the 8-week program.
Acceptability	12 weeks	Participants report concerning their overall program effects-Satisfaction Questionnaire. The scale ranges from 1-5 with higher values representing higher satisfaction.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)	12 weeks	The BDI-II is a 21-item self-report tool that measures the severity of depression and includes two subscales: cognitive and somatic. It has been well validated, with scores 14-19 indicating mild depression, 20-28 moderate depression, and 29-63 severe depression. The full range of the BDI-II is 0-64.
Parenting Sense of Competency (PSOC) Scale	12 weeks	The Parenting Sense of Competence scale measures parental competence on two dimensions: Satisfaction and Efficacy. It is a 17 item Likert-scale questionnaire (on a 6 point scale ranging from strongly agree \[1\] to strongly disagree \[6\]), with nine questions under Satisfaction and seven under Efficacy. Satisfaction section examines the parents' anxiety, motivation and frustration, while the Efficacy section looks at the parents' competence, capability levels, and problem-solving abilities in their parental role. Higher scores represent better parenting sense of competency. The full range of the score is 17-102.