Effect of a Low-Calorie Diet and/or Exercise Program on Risk Factors for Developing Breast Cancer in Overweight or Obese Postmenopausal Women
- Conditions
- Breast CancerObesityWeight Changes
- Interventions
- Behavioral: Exercise interventionBehavioral: behavioral dietary intervention
- Registration Number
- NCT00470119
- Lead Sponsor
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Brief Summary
RATIONALE: A low-calorie diet and/or exercise program may help lower an overweight or obese postmenopausal woman's risk of developing breast cancer. It is not yet known whether a low-calorie diet and/or exercise program are more effective than no diet or exercise program in lowering an overweight or obese postmenopausal woman's risk of developing breast cancer.
PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial is studying the effect of a low-calorie diet and/or exercise program on risk factors for developing breast cancer compared with no diet or exercise program in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.
- Detailed Description
OBJECTIVES:
Primary
* Compare the effects of a 1-year exercise intervention, reduced-calorie diet intervention, or a combined exercise and reduced-calorie diet intervention vs no intervention on serum estrone concentrations in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.
Secondary
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of estradiol and free estradiol in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of testosterone and free testosterone in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of insulin in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of glucose in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of c-peptide in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of c-reactive protein (CRP) in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of serum amyloid protein A (SAA) in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of adiponectin in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of leptin in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of ghrelin in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on serum levels of Vitamin D in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on mammographic density in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on anthropometrics and body composition (i.e., weight, body mass index, total and percentage body fat, and waist and hip circumferences) in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on quality of life in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on numbers of leukocytes and neutrophiles in these participants.
* Compare the effects of these interventions on VO2max in these participants.
OUTLINE: This is a randomized study. Participants are stratified according to body mass index (\< 30 vs ≥ 30). Participants are randomized to 1 of 4 intervention arms.
* Arm I (exercise program): Participants exercise 3 days per week under the supervision of a physiologist and 2 days per week independently at home, for a total of 5 exercise sessions (at least 45 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per session) weekly over 12 months.
* Arm II (reduced-calorie diet): Participants meet with a nutritionist individually and in small groups. Participants receive general information about diet and behavior strategies such as self-monitoring, goal-setting, stimulus-control, problem-solving, and relapse-prevention training. Participants learn to set a calorie goal and a fat gram goal and how to achieve the goal calorie reduction. Meetings are held weekly during the first 6 months of the diet program but taper off over the course of the study.
* Arm III (exercise program and reduced-calorie diet): Participants meet with a physiologist and a nutritionist, as in arms I and II, and exercise and diet accordingly.
* Arm IV (control: delayed diet and exercise): Participants receive study materials on healthy diet and exercise at the end of the 12-month study period. In addition, participants are offered 2 months of group exercise training with a study physiologist and 4 group meetings with a nutritionist to learn about weight loss techniques and behavioral principles for achieving weight loss.
All participants undergo testing at baseline and periodically during study. Participants undergo blood collection for evaluation of serum levels of sex and metabolic hormones (e.g., estrone, estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin, radioimmunoassay and other immunoassays. Participants also undergo anthropometrics and body composition measurements and mammographic density assessment.
Participants complete questionnaires at baseline and at 6 and 12 months for assessment of diet and exercise. Quality of life (QOL) is measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form and the Impact of Weight on QOL questionnaire. Information on health habits, medical history, family history of breast cancer, and reproductive and menstrual history is also collected.
FINAL ACCRUAL: A total of 439 participants (118 in the caloric restriction arm, and 117 in both the CR+Exercise, and exercise only arm; and 87 in control arm) were accrued for this study.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- Female
- Target Recruitment
- 439
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Exercise Intervention Exercise intervention Participants exercise 3 days per week under the supervision of a physiologist and 2 days per week independently at home, for a total of 5 exercise sessions (at least 45 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per session) weekly over 12 months Caloric Restriction behavioral dietary intervention Nutritionist-delivered weight loss intervention though diet modification with an aim of 10% weightloss over a year long intervention based on the DPP and LookAHEAD interventions. Participants meet with a nutritionist individually and in small groups. Participants receive general information about diet and behavior strategies such as self-monitoring, goal-setting, stimulus-control, problem-solving, and relapse-prevention training. Participants learn to set a calorie goal and a fat gram goal and how to achieve the goal calorie reduction. Meetings are held weekly during the first 6 months of the diet program but taper off over the course of the study. Caloric Restriction AND Exercise Intervention behavioral dietary intervention Combined caloric restriction \& exercise intervention Caloric Restriction AND Exercise Intervention Exercise intervention Combined caloric restriction \& exercise intervention
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Serum estrone concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay At baseline and 12 months timepoint
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Serum concentrations of Sex hormone binding globulin measured using immunoassays At baseline and 12 months timepoint Serum Vitamin D concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay Baseline and 12 month timepoints Serum ghrelin concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay Baseline and 12 month timepoints Serum concentrations of Serum Amyloid A (SAA) as measured by radioimmunoassay Baseline and 12 month timepoints Serum androtenedione concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay Baseline and 12 month timepoints Serum estradiol and free estradiol concentration as measured by radioimmunoassay At baseline and 12 months timepoint Testosterone and free testosterone as measured radioimmunoassay At baseline and 12 months timepoint Mammographic density measurements (i.e., percentage density and dense area of breast tissue) At baseline and 12 months timepoint Total and percentage body fat and body fat distribution (i.e., waist and hip circumferences) as measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry At baseline and 12 months timepoint Change in daily caloric intake as measured by Food Frequency Questionnaire At baseline and 12 months timepoint Leukocyte and Neutrophil Counts Baseline and 12 month timepoints Serum concentrations of Insulin as measured radioimmunoassay Baseline and 12 months Serum concentrations of Glucose as measured radioimmunoassay Baseline and 12 month timepoints Serum concentrations of Insulin-like growth factor-1 Baseline and 12 month timepoints Serum concentrations of Insulin-like growth-factor binding protein-3 Baseline and 12-month timepoints Serum C-reactive Protein (CRP) concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay Baseline and 12 month timepoints Serum leptin concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay Baseline and 12 month timepoints Serum c-peptide concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay Baseline and 12 month timepoints Change in weight and body mass index (Anthropometrics) At baseline and 12 months timepoint Quality of life (assessed via questionnaires) At baseline and 12 months timepoint Serum adiponectin concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay Baseline and 12 month timepoints Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay Baseline and 12 month timepoints
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
🇺🇸Seattle, Washington, United States