Computer Assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Sclerosis

Interventions: Other: Usual Care plus computer games
Behavioral: MAPSS-MS

Registration Number: NCT03200899

Lead Sponsor: University of Texas at Austin

Brief Summary: The effects of multiple sclerosis (MS) on cognition, thought to occur in 50-75% of persons with MS, have gained increasing recognition as one of the major disabling symptoms of the disease. While numerous studies have addressed the emotional and physical impact of MS, little attention has been given to strategies that might help manage the cognitive changes commonly experienced by persons with MS. The proposed study will test a novel computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation intervention, MAPSS-MS (Memory, Attention, \& Problem Solving Skills for Persons with MS). The MAPSS-MS integrates the powerful effects of group interventions to build self-efficacy for new cognitive compensatory strategies/behaviors with individual home-based computer-assisted training. The computer training will assist individuals to develop cognitive skills that they can apply to everyday life using the compensatory strategies learned in the class sessions. In the recently completed exploratory study with 61 persons with MS (R21NR011076), the eight-week MAPSS-MS intervention was acceptable and feasible and had medium to large effects on the use of compensatory strategies and performance on neuropsychological tests of verbal memory. The proposed study will test the refined MAPSS-MS intervention with a larger more diverse sample (N=180) across multiple sites, extend the period of post-intervention follow-up to 6 months and establish whether performance improvements on neuropsychological tests make the important transfer to improved neuro-cognitive functioning in everyday life.

The specific aims of this study are to: (1) Evaluate the efficacy of the novel MAPSS-MS cognitive rehabilitation intervention to improve overall neuro-cognitive competence in activities of daily living including verbal memory performance, use of compensatory cognitive strategies and performance on cognitive-related instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among persons with MS; (2) Evaluate the efficacy of the MAPSS-MS intervention to improve self-efficacy and related aspects of cognitive performance (non-verbal learning/memory, information processing speed and attention, verbal fluency and complex scanning and tracking) among persons with MS; and (3) Determine the number of intervention participants who achieve and maintain their self-identified cognitive goals three and six months following the intervention. The effects of the intervention on outcome variables will be assessed using a randomized controlled trial design with a comparison group receiving usual care computer games. Measurements of study variables will occur at baseline, immediately after the MAPSS-MS intervention, and three months and six months after the intervention is complete. Statistical analysis will include descriptive statistics and HLM analysis to account for the nested design. The intent-to-treat approach will be used.

Public Health Statement: This research will provide new knowledge about an innovative intervention to improve memory, use of compensatory strategies, and performance of cognitive activities and instrumental activities of daily living for persons with MS. If effective, the intervention would provide a new and feasible approach to target a serious, debilitating problem commonly experienced by persons with MS.

Detailed Description: Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 183

Inclusion Criteria

Clinically definite diagnosis of MS;
Age 18 to 60;
Capable of understanding and complying with the study protocol;
Able to read and write in English;
Visual acuity of at least 20/70 with correction in order to work on the computer screen;
Stable disease at the time of entry into the study (relapse free for at least 90 days);
Subjective concerns about their cognitive functioning (based on the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire); and
Home internet access;

Exclusion Criteria

Other medical causes of dementia or other neurological disorders that may impact cognition or emotions;
Evidence of major psychiatric disorder; or
Major functional limitations that preclude them from participating in the study.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Usual Care plus Computer games	Usual Care plus computer games	Participants randomized to this arm receive usual care and are referred to MY BRAIN GAMES web site.
Memory, Attention, Problem Solving Skills in MS (MAPSS-MS)	MAPSS-MS	Participants randomized to this arm receive the MAPSS-MS intervention. The MAPSS-MS is an an 8 week computer assisted cognitive rehabilitation intervention. The group based component of the intervention emphasizes use of compensatory cognitive strategies as well as lifestyle modifications to enhance cognition. Participants also complete home computer training (minimum 3 times per week for 45 minutes) using a special suite of games designed by Lumosity.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Use of Compensatory Cognitive Strategies	6 months post-intervention	Scores on the Strategy Subscale of the Multi-Factorial Memory Memory Questionnaire. The subscale includes 19 various memory aids and strategies and respondents are asked to rate how frequently they used each strategy during the past 2 weeks using a 5 point scale (never to all the time). Scores can range from 0 to 76. HIgher scores indicate greater use of compensatory memory strategies.
Neuro-cognitive Competence in Daily Living - California Verbal Learning Test-II	6 months post-intervention	Verbal memory performance (verbal learning and remembering) as measured by performance on the California Verbal Learning Test II (CVLT-II). Total score represents the number of words recalled from a 16 item list over 5 trials. Higher scores represent greater verbal learning and remembering. Scores can range from 0 to 80.
Cognitive-related Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Among Persons With MS	6 months post intervention	Scores on the Everyday Problems Test - Revised (EPT-R). This scale assess the cognitive ability to reason and solve problems encountered in daily living. The revised version included 30 items and scores can range from 0 to 30. HIgher scores indicate better performance on problem solving.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Self-Efficacy	6 months post intervention	Scores on the 17 item general self-efficacy scale. Respondents rate their confidence in their ability to affect outcomes in various contexts and situations using a 5-point Likert scale. Scores can range from 17 to 85 with higher scores representing greater perceived self-efficacy expectations.
Nonverbal Learning and Memory	6 months post intervention	Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, 2nd ed (BVMT-R) asses visuospatial memory and was used as a measure of non-verbal learning and memory. The total recall score was used in this study and this score represents the sum of all valid items generated across learning trials 1-3. In each trial, 0-12 points can be obtained. The recognition (yes/no) is scored by one or zero points with a maximum of 12 points. The total score for the total recall ranges from 0 to 36. HIgher scores indicate better memory and recall.
Auditory Information Processing Speed and Flexibility	6 months post intervention	The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) - 3 second was used as the measure of auditory information processing speed and flexibility. Scores represent the number of correct responses during the 3 minute test and can range from 0 to 60. Higher scores indicate better information processing speed and flexibility.
Verbal Fluency	6 months post intervention	Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) is a measure of verbal fluency and word finding. It requires participants to generate words from initial letters (normally F, A and S) under time constraints, normally 60 seconds per letter. The score reflects the number of words generated across the trials and can vary from 0 to the maximum number generated. Higher scores reflect a greater number of words and greater fluency and word finding.
Psychomotor Processing Speed	6 months post intervention	The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) was used to measure psychomotor processing speed, complex scanning and visual tracking. Respondents have 90 seconds to pair digits/numbers with abstract geometric symbols. Total scores represent the number of correct matches within the time period and can range from 0 to 110. Higher scores reflect better information processing speed.