Macrophage Markers in Periodontal and Peri-implant Health and Disease

Completed

Brief Summary: Macrophage surface markers (CD80, CD163 and CD206) will be evaluated in periodontally healthy gingiva, healthy peri-implant mucosa, and periodontitis and peri-implantitis lesions.

Detailed Description: Soft tissue biopsies obtained from clinically healthy gingiva, healthy peri-implant mucosa, Stage III Grade C periodontitis lesions and peri-implantitis lesions will be evaluated.

Healthy peri-implant samples are obtained from submerged implants during exposure surgery. Healthy gingiva samples are obtained from individuals receiving crown lengthening, gingivectomy or tooth extraction as excess tissue during the corresponding treatment. Samples from peri-implantitis and periodontitis (pocket depth ≥6 mm, bleeding on probing+) are obtained during initial periodontal treatment / debridement procedure with a single stroke at the pocket wall.

The samples will be grinded and ultrasonicated. Western blotting will be used for determination of CD80, CD163 and CD206 in biopsy specimens. ImageJ will be used for intensity analysis of the bands.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

diagnosed with generalized Grade C Stage III periodontitis
diagnosed with peri-implantitis
periodontally healthy individuals with dental implants in the primary healing period
periodontally healthy individuals who are in need of crown lengthening / gingivectomy or extraction

Exclusion Criteria

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
CD206	Baseline	Tissue levels of CD206 Western Blot assay analyzed using Image J software (arbitrary density units): Following scanning for optical densitometry, the gels were analyzed with Image J software by obtaining profile plots, drawing lines enclosing the interest area and measuring the peak area of interest with the wand tool. The calculated optical density values are presented as arbitrary density units.
CD80/CD206 Ratio	Baseline	Tissue levels (Western Blot assay analyzed using Image J software) of CD80 divided by those of CD206
CD80	Baseline	Tissue levels of CD80 Western Blot assay analyzed using Image J software: Following scanning for optical densitometry, the gels were analyzed with Image J software by obtaining profile plots, drawing lines enclosing the interest area and measuring the peak area of interest with the wand tool. The calculated optical density values are presented as arbitrary density units.
CD80/CD163 Ratio	Baseline	Tissue levels (Western Blot assay analyzed using Image J software) of CD80 divided by those of CD163
CD163	Baseline	Tissue levels of CD163 Western Blot assay analyzed using Image J software: Following scanning for optical densitometry, the gels were analyzed with Image J software by obtaining profile plots, drawing lines enclosing the interest area and measuring the peak area of interest with the wand tool. The calculated optical density values are presented as arbitrary density units.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Probing Depth	Baseline	Probing depth of each site, where the tissue sample was harvested. The average probing depth of sites in each group are presented.