Effectiveness Study of Postoperative Rotator Cuff Repair Rehabilitation

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Full Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear
• Interventions: Procedure: Postoperative Jackins Exercise Protocol; Procedure: Postoperative Pulleys Exercise Protocol

• Registration Number: NCT01819909
• Lead Sponsor: Orthopedic Institute, Sioux Falls, SD

Brief Summary

There are very few level 1 or level 2 evidence studies that examine postoperative rehabilitation of rotator cuff repair and shoulder arthroplasty. A systematic review of level 1 or level 2 evidence studies was performed (Baumgarten et al., Sports Health, 2009) that found only four studies that examined rotator cuff repair rehabilitation.

The current study was performed to determine if there is a significant difference in passive glenohumeral joint range of motion, active glenohumeral joint range of motion, scapular substitution, and subjects measured outcome scores (clinimetrics) in patients who undergo rotator cuff repair when treated postoperatively with pulley exercises compared to Jackins' exercises.

Null Hypothesis: There will be no significant difference in passive range of motion, active range of motion, scapular substitution, and subject measured outcomes scores in subjects who undergo rotator cuff repair when treated with pulley exercises compared to Jackins' exercises.

Detailed Description

Scapulothoracic substitution for forward elevation is seen clinically when patients have shoulder pain. The patient uses the trapezius musculature to superiorly elevate the upper extremity instead of using the deltoid and the rotator cuff for upper extremity elevation. Scapulothoracic substitution does not occur in healthy shoulders. Excessive scapular movement can be due to an attempt to substitute for poorly functioning shoulder musculature or tightness of the capsular structures of the glenohumeral joint.

Pulleys have been used in postoperative shoulder rehabilitation to improve passive as well as active range of motion and develop strength. Jackins described a series of exercises that are used to improve active range of motion and develop strength without the use of pulleys. The use of pulleys in the post-operative care for patients who have had shoulder surgery is thought to contribute to excessive scapular motion. To date, there has not been any study that compares the use of pulleys and Jackins' exercises with respect to active range of motion, scapulothoracic substitution, and objective patient outcomes measures. Due to the lack of level 1 or 2 evidence postoperative rehabilitation studies, a prospective randomized study should be performed on patients that have underwent rotator cuff repair.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2008-11
• Study First Submitted: 2012-12-23
• Study First Submitted QC: 2013-03-25
• Study First Posted: 2013-03-28
• Primary Completion: 2015-10
• Study Completion: 2016-07
• Status Verified: 2022-02
• Last Update Submitted: 2022-02-28
• Last Update Posted: 2022-03-02

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 53

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients undergoing post-operative rehabilitation for a rotator cuff repair

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients who do not have permission from their treating surgeon to enroll in this study.

Patients who have undergone a previous rotator cuff repair on the non-operated side.

Patients who have undergone a previous rotator cuff repair on the ipsilateral shoulder.

Patients who have a history of adhesive capsulitis. Patients who are unwilling to participate in all aspects of the study. Patients who are cognitively impaired. Patients with known axillary or suprascapular neuropathy. Patients with a painful or dysfunctional contralateral shoulder.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Postoperative Jackins Exercise Protocol	Postoperative Jackins Exercise Protocol	Jackin's exercises were initially designed for patients with difficulty performing forward elevation. The patient initially is positioned supine to perform shoulder flexion. When the patient can actively elevate in the supine position, one to two pounds of weight is placed in the patients hand and the patient is asked to repeat the maneuver of supine active elevation. When the patient can do this with little difficulty, the head of the bed is elevated approximately 20 degrees from the supine position and the sequence is repeated. Once the patient is able to perform flexion in this elevated head position, the inclination of the patient is increased in 20 degree increments until the patient is able to perform upright sitting shoulder flexion.
Postoperative Pulleys Exercise Protocol	Postoperative Pulleys Exercise Protocol	Pulleys have been used in postoperative shoulder rehabilitation to improve passive as well as active range of motion and develop strength.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC)	Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year	The WORC(ref 6) is a valid,reliable, and responsive patient-reported outcomes measures that assesses response to treatment for rotator cuff disease. A minimally important clinical difference (MCID) has been determined. Its use has been recommended in clinical trials.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in scapular substitution (centimeters)	Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year	A novel technique for measuring scapular substitution has been developed by the investigators of this study (Baumgarten et al. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012; 7: 39-48).
Change in range of motion (degrees)	Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year
Change in strength (N)	Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year
Change in Simple Shoulder Test9	Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year	The Simple Shoulder Test9 is a self-reported patient outcome score that has been specifically validated to examine post-operative rotator cuff repair outcomes.
Change in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES) Shoulder Score	Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year	The ASES Shoulder Score (ref 12) is a self-reported patient outcome score that has been specifically validated to examine rotator cuff disease outcomes. Minimal clinically important differences and the minimal detectable change have been determined.
Change in Marx Shoulder Activity Score2	Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year	The Marx Shoulder Activity Score2 is a validated, patient self-reported outcome score that determines activity level. This is a supplement to outcome scores that measure pain and function.
Change in Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) rating	Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year	The SANE rating (ref 15) is a simple patient self-reported outcome score that asks the patient to rate their shoulder as a percentage of normal (range 0 to 100%).

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Orthopedic Institute; 🇺🇸 Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States