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tDCS Effects on Chronic Low Back Pain

Phase 2
Completed
Conditions
Low Back Pain
Chronic Pain
Interventions
Device: sham-tDCS + back school
Device: real-tDCS + back school
Registration Number
NCT01875029
Lead Sponsor
University Hospital of Ferrara
Brief Summary

Back School (BS) is a behavioural intervention designed to treat and prevent chronic low back pain. Up to date clinical research studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is able to decrease the intensity and duration of pain modulating the activity of brain areas involved in the circuits that regulate pain and facilitating the mechanisms inhibitors descendants of pain control.

The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of combining tDCS with a behavioural intervention (i.e. BS) in subjects with chronic low back pain.

Detailed Description

Chronic low back pain involves high individual and social costs. Back School (BS) is a behavioural intervention designed to treat and prevent the aforementioned condition. Up to date clinical research studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can be considered a reliable tool for chronic pain. It has been shown how tDCS is able to decrease the intensity and duration of pain modulating the activity of brain areas involved in the circuits that regulate pain, such as the thalamus, and facilitating the mechanisms inhibitors descendants of pain control. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of combining tDCS with a behavioural intervention (i.e. BS) in subjects with chronic low back pain. Specifically, we will test their effects on low back pain intensity and participation of patients' in daily activities.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
45
Inclusion Criteria
  • males and females aged > 18 years and <75 years
  • presence of non-specific chronic low back pain diagnosed > 2 years
  • presence of a chronic pain measurable with the VAS scale not less than 3 during a 2 weeks daily VAS monitoring
  • pain refractory to drugs (opioid analgesics, tricyclic antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs). It is considered a refractory pain if there is at least 6 months of treatment with at least 2/3 of the above drugs
Exclusion Criteria
  • spine surgery
  • cognitive impairment assessed with Mini Mental Status Examination <24
  • contraindications to tDCS: presence of a history of epilepsy, frequent headaches or neck pain, implantable devices (ventriculoperitoneal shunts, pacemakers, intrathecal pumps, intracranial metal implants)
  • Contraindications to tDCS: intracranial metal implants that can be stimulated, incorrectly positioned or over-heated by the electric current
  • Neurological or psychiatric pathology
  • severe cardio-pulmonary, renal, hepatic diseases
  • Pregnancy

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
sham-tDCS + Back Schoolsham-tDCS + back schoolThis group will receive sham-tDCS for 5 days before back school beginning. The anode will be placed on the primary motor cortex (M1) of the dominant hemisphere and the cathode on the contralateral supraorbital area. The direct current is transmitted through a pair of sponge electrodes, with a surface of 35 cm2 (7x5), soaked in saline solution and, it is generated by a constant current stimulator, with rechargeable batteries. This continuous stimulation lasted 30 seconds, with an intensity of 1 milliampere. The back school session, a behavioural intervention,will be given 10 times for 4 weeks.
real-tDCS + Back Schoolreal-tDCS + back schoolThis group will receive continuous stimulation lasting 20 minutes daily, for 5 days before back school beginning. The back school session, a behavioural intervention,will be given 10 times for 4 weeks. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will be administered as follows. The anode will be placed on the primary motor cortex (M1) of the dominant hemisphere and the cathode on the contralateral supraorbital area. The direct current is transmitted through a pair of sponge electrodes, with a surface of 35 cm2 (7x5), soaked in saline solution and, it is generated by a constant current stimulator, with rechargeable batteries. This continuous stimulation lasted 20 minutes, with an intensity of 1 milliampere.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change from baseline in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain1)one day pre-tDCS treatment. 2) Every day, for 5 days pre and post 20 minutes of tDCS stimulation. 3)One day post tDCS treatment. 4)One day post 10 session of back school. 5)Follow up at one month from the back school end.

Visual analogue scale measure for pain. Score range from 0-10. For rating overall pain: mild = 1-3, moderate = 4-7, severe = 8-10 For rating Chronic Pain: Excellent internal consistency for a single pair of rating between Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Visual Analogue Scale (r = 0.86)

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (OLBPDQ)1)One day pre-tDCS treatment. 2) One day post tDCS treatment. 3) One day post 10 session of back school. 4) Follow up at one month from the back school end.
The Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9)1)One day pre-tDCS treatment. 2) One day post tDCS treatment. 3) One day post 10 session of back school. 4) Follow up at one month from the back school end.

PHQ-9 assesses depression symptoms that we tracked as possible confounding factor.

Clinical Global Impression (CGI)1)One day post tDCS treatment. 2) One day post 10 session of back school. 3) Follow up at one month from the back school end.

CGI is a scale consisting of two items: the severity of the disease (1=normal, 7=very serious) and the overall improvement (1=much improved, 7=much worse).

Patient Global Assessment (PGA)1) One day post tDCS treatment. 2) One day post 10 session of back school. 3) Follow up at one month from the back school end.

PGA is a scale where the patient gives a score ranging from 1 (serious deterioration) and 7 (big improvement) relative to their pain compared to baseline

Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ)1)One day pre-tDCS treatment. 2) One day post tDCS treatment. 3) One day post 10 session of back school. 4) Follow up at one month from the back school end.

The Roland-Morris disability questionnaire is composed of 24 yes/no questions designed to assess bac 242) Excellent: RMDQ and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (r= 0.77) SIP and RMDQ Assessment The Oswestry Disability Index, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and the Quebec Back Pain

Euroquol (Eq-5D)1)One day pre-tDCS treatment. 2) One day post tDCS treatment. 3) One day post 10 session of back school. 4) Follow up at one month from the back school end.
VAS for anxiety (0-10)1)One day pre-tDCS treatment. 2) One day post tDCS treatment. 3) One day post 10 session of back school. 4) Follow up at one month from the back school end.

VAS for anxiety assesses anxiety symptoms that we tracked as possible confounding factor.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Ferrara University Hospital

🇮🇹

Ferrara, Italy

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