Parent-Adolescent Interpersonal Processes in the Science of Behavior Change

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Sleep Deprivation; Adolescent Behavior
• Interventions: Behavioral: Parent Behavior Change Intervention (PBC-I) and Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention (TranS-C)

• Registration Number: NCT03926221
• Lead Sponsor: University of California, Berkeley

Brief Summary

This study seeks to examine a novel interpersonal target; namely, parent-teen conversations about youth health behavior change. The rationale is that parents have profound impacts on teen risk and vulnerability. Yet parents receive minimal training in the elements of conversations that optimally inspire their children toward engaging in healthy behaviors. A theoretically grounded and reliable taxonomy of behavior change techniques (BCTs) will be used as a basis for scientifically deriving the conversational elements, or micro-mechanisms, that reduce parent-teen conflict and facilitate upward spirals of healthful behavior change. This proposal builds on pilot data from a recently completed NICHD-funded R01 in which a sleep treatment improved sleep and reduced risk on selected outcomes in youth. While sleep-related health behaviors will be the focus of this R21, the research is designed to be relevant to a broad range of health behavior change. As part of an Administrative Supplement to the R21 awarded in Fall, 2019, two changes are made. First, measures of psychophysiology have been added to the Hot Topics Task. Second, an independent sample of teens who are healthy sleepers (n = 20), and their parents, will be tested on the protocol twice, 9 weeks apart. This comparison group is included to control for the passage of time and for completing the protocol twice. They do not receive an intervention.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2018-12-01
• Study First Submitted: 2019-04-04
• Study First Submitted QC: 2019-04-22
• Study First Posted: 2019-04-24
• Primary Completion: 2020-08-11
• Study Completion: 2020-08-26
• Status Verified: 2020-11
• Last Update Submitted: 2020-11-03
• Last Update Posted: 2020-11-05

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 112

Inclusion Criteria

1. Age between 10 and 18 and living with a parent or guardian
2. Lowest quartile of the widely used and well-validated Children's Morningness-Eveningness Preferences Scale (CMEP; 27 or lower) and
3. Youth self-reported weekday sleep onset time for the past month later than 10:40 pm for 10- to 13-year- olds; 11:00pm for 14-16 year olds, and later than 11:20 for 17-18 year olds at least 3 nights per week;
4. English language fluency;
5. able and willing to give informed assent;
6. at least one parent/primary caregiver who lives in the same household as the teen for at least 50% of the week must participate in all study sessions.

Exclusion Criteria

1. An active, progressive physical illness directly related to the onset and course of the sleep disturbance;
2. evidence of sleep apnea, restless legs or periodic limb movements;
3. significantly impairing pervasive developmental disorder;
4. history of substance dependence in the past six months;
5. suicide risk; bipolar disorder or schizophrenia or another current Axis I disorder if there is a significant risk of harm and/or decompensation if treatment of that comorbid condition is delayed as a function of participating in any stage of this study;
6. Participants will not be excluded if medications are stable (> 4 weeks).

Inclusion criteria (control group):

1. Age between 10 and 18 and living with a parent or guardian
2. (CMEP; 28 or higher) on Children's Morningness-Eveningness Preferences Scale
3. Item #6 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) rated 'fairly' or 'very good'
4. English language fluency;
5. able and willing to give informed assent;
6. at least one parent/primary caregiver who lives in the same household as the teen for at least 50% of the week must participate in all study sessions.

Exclusion Criteria (control group)

1. An active, progressive physical illness directly related to the onset and course of the sleep disturbance;
2. evidence of sleep apnea, restless legs or periodic limb movements;
3. significantly impairing pervasive developmental disorder;
4. history of substance dependence in the past six months;
5. suicide risk; bipolar disorder or schizophrenia or another current Axis I disorder if there is a significant risk of harm and/or decompensation if treatment of that comorbid condition is delayed as a function of participating in any stage of this study;
6. Participants will not be excluded if medications are stable (> 4 weeks).

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
PBC_I plus TranS-C	Parent Behavior Change Intervention (PBC-I) and Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention (TranS-C)	The Parent Behavior Change Intervention (PBC-I) is a behavioral intervention intended to teach parent behavior change techniques to better support their adolescents to improve sleep health behavior. The Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) is comprised of cross-cutting interventions, 'core modules' and 'optional modules'. TranS-C is derived and adapted from our previous disorder-focused research, firmly grounded in basic science and treatment literature.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of BCTs used by parent coded from the Hot Topics Task	Change from baseline to post-treatment, which is an average of 9 weeks after the beginning of treatment	Parent measure.
Parent perception of general conflict between parent and child measured via Conflict Behavior Questionnaire	Change from baseline to post-treatment, which is an average of 9 weeks after the beginning of treatment	Parent measure. 20 items each on a true/false scale. Total score ranges from 0 to 20 and is computed by adding up total score points. Higher scores indicate more general conflict.
Decisional balance proportion	Change from baseline to post-treatment, which is an average of 9 weeks after the beginning of treatment	Measured by Decision Balance Worksheet. Youth measure.
Subjective sleep quality measured via Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score	Change from baseline to post-treatment, which is an average of 9 weeks after the beginning of treatment	Youth measure. 19 items each on a 4-point scale. Global score ranges from 0 to 21 and is computed by totaling seven component scores. Lower scores indicate healthier sleep quality.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Youth's perception of general conflict between parent and child measured via Conflict Behavior Questionnaire.	Change from baseline to post-treatment, which is an average of 9 weeks after the beginning of treatment	Youth measure. 20 items each on a true/false scale. Total score ranges from 0 to 20 and is computed by adding up total score points. Higher scores indicate more general conflict.
Youth self-reported motivation of participating in TranS-C/making sleep behavior changes via the Intrinsic Motivation Questionnaire	Change from baseline to post-treatment, which is an average of 9 weeks after the beginning of treatment	Youth measure. 18 items on a 7-point Likert scale, with three subscales being used: Interest/Enjoyment, Perceived Competence, and Effort/Importance. Total score ranges from 3 to 21 (1-7 for each subscale score) and is computed by averaging items within each subscale and adding the 3 subscale scores.
Morningness/eveningness preference measured via Children's Morningness Eveningness Preference Scale	Change from baseline to post-treatment, which is an average of 9 weeks after the beginning of treatment	Youth measure. 10 items are weighed on either 4- or 5-point scales. Total score ranges from 10 to 43 and is computed by adding up total points. Scores between 10 and 20 indicate eveningness, scores between 28 and 42 indicate morningness, scores between 21 and 27 are categorized as neither.
Regularity in sleep midpoint across the week measured via actigraphy	Change from baseline to post-treatment, which is an average of 9 weeks after the beginning of treatment	Youth measure.
Regularity in sleep midpoint across the week measured via daily sleep diary	Change from baseline to post-treatment, which is an average of 9 weeks after the beginning of treatment	Youth measure.
Type of BCTs used by parent coded from the Hot Topics Task	Change from baseline to post-treatment, which is an average of 9 weeks after the beginning of treatment	Parent measure.
Number of negative and positive communication behaviors coded from the Hot Topics Task	Change from baseline to post-treatment, which is an average of 9 weeks after the beginning of treatment	Parent measure.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of California, Berkeley; 🇺🇸 Berkeley, California, United States