Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Peer Learning in Teaching Technical Skills to Second-Year Nursing Students. (PL)

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Urinary Catheterization; Simulation Training

• Registration Number: NCT07035548
• Lead Sponsor: Marta Lizarbe

Brief Summary

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer-learning educational intervention for teaching procedural skills to second-year nursing students. The study aims to answer the following key questions:

* Does the peer-learning intervention group gain equal or greater knowledge compared to those who learn by the traditional method?

* Do students in the peer-learning intervention group demonstrate higher self-efficacy for learning?

* Do students in the peer-learning intervention group demonstrate higher classroom engagement for learning?

* Do students in the peer-learning intervention group demonstrate higher general satisfaction with their learning experience?

Researchers will compare the peer-learning method with the traditional teaching methods to assess the acquisition of the procedural skill "urinary catheterization" in university nursing students.

Participants will:

* Attend a two-hour class to learn urinary catheterization.

* Work with a guide and a peer for self-training.

* Practice the procedural skills as many times as needed.

* Be evaluated by a teacher.

Detailed Description

Within the nursing curriculum, students dedicate significant effort to acquiring clinical procedural skills. Therefore, promoting student-centered educational activities with active learning methodologies fosters self-regulated learning and enhances commitment and participation in developing clinical competencies. Pedagogically grounded in social interaction and collaborative learning, as originally proposed by theorists like Piaget and Vygotsky, Peer-Learning has emerged as a valuable approach. Through this methodology, students learn by engaging in activities where they interact with peers, articulate their ideas and reflections, and practice giving and receiving feedback. As Joubert stated, "to teach is to learn twice."

Furthermore, it is crucial to assess each student's learning outcomes, their commitment to their own learning, and their satisfaction with the educational activity. This allows for reorientation or adaptation to specific educational contexts, ultimately leading to improved nursing training and a professional profile capable of meeting the current demands of healthcare.

General Objective

To design, implement, and evaluate the outcomes of implementing Peer-Learning for the nursing intervention of urinary catheterization among second-year nursing students.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2024-09-15
• Primary Completion: 2024-10-01
• Study Completion: 2024-10-31
• Status Verified: 2025-06
• Study First Submitted: 2025-06-15
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-06-15
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-06-24
• Study First Posted: 2025-06-25
• Last Update Posted: 2025-06-29

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 123

Inclusion Criteria

• Second years nursing students

Exclusion Criteria

• If participants have previously utilized peer learning as a method for acquiring or reinforcing knowledge and skills.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
General Knowledge	Immediatelly before and after the educative intervention.	Each student's baseline knowledge will be assessed before participating in the Internship Experience (IE) Urinary catheterization. To do this, each student will complete an exam covering the content provided in the IE preparatory documentation (delivered via vitual educative platform, ADI) and from the lecture given to the entire class by a professor from the Practical Teaching Unit. The questionnaire, a multiple-choice test designed ad hoc by the researchers, will consist of 10 questions with four response options. Incorrect answers will not be penalized. The total possible score is 10 points. To prevent students from sharing exam content and to make memorization difficult, a bank of 30 questions has been created, from which different versions of the knowledge exam will be generated.
Self-Efficacy for learning clinical skills	Immediately after the intervention	To measure the self-efficay with technical skills, the Learning Self-efficacy Scale for clinical skills (L-SES) was used. Developed by Kang et al. (2019), is a measurement instrument designed to understand the relationship between student self-efficacy and the practice of technical skills. This scale was developed under the framework of Bloom's Taxonomy and has been rigorously tested and validated in medical students. It demonstrated appropriate content validity indices (I-CVI = 0.88-1) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 0.931). Furthermore, results indicated that L-SES scores were not affected by gender (t = -0.049; 95% confidence interval \[-,115; 0,109\], p \> 0.05). The L-SES comprises twelve items grouped into three distinct domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Responses are captured using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).
The engagement with learning	Immediately after the intervention	The Learning Engagement Survey, developed by members of the Foundation for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (U.S. Department of Education, 2003) is designed to measure students' self-perceived engagement with their learning during class. This survey consists of eight items grouped into two domains: Participation and Enjoyment. Responses are collected using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree; 2 = disagree; 3 = neither disagree nor agree; 4 = agree; 5 = strongly agree). The survey has demonstrated adequate validity and reliability, with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.881. The two subscales, Participation (five items) and Enjoyment (three items), yielded respective Cronbach's alpha values of 0.807 and 0.873 (Menenga et al., 2013).
Procedural skill	Immediately after the intervention	To assess proficiency development in the procedural skill of urinary catheterization, students from both the intervention (peer-learning) and control (traditional teaching) groups were evaluated by an academic tutor. The tool developed was a 10-item rubric with a "yes/yes with changes/no" response format. The rubric underwent face and content validity with academic tutors. For consistency, the first six students were evaluated by two assessors, and any discrepancies were resolved by a third evaluator.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
General satisfaction	Just after the intervention	To measure satisfaction, the General Satisfaction Survey with the Educational Activity, adapted from Hoseini et al. (2013) was used to collect information on student satisfaction with the training activity. This survey consists of 10 general satisfaction questions. Responses will be recorded using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree; 2 = disagree; 3 = neither disagree nor agree; 4 = agree; 5 = strongly agree).

Trial Locations

Locations (2)

University of Navarra/Pamplona/Navarra/Spain; 🇪🇸 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain

University of Navarra; 🇪🇸 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain