Clinical Trial of Ingenol Mebutate Gel 0.015% & 0.05% in Actinic Keratosis

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Actinic Keratosis

Interventions: Drug: ingenol mebutate gel 0.05%
Drug: ingenol mebutate gel 0.015%

Registration Number: NCT02716714

Lead Sponsor: Korea University

Brief Summary: This study evaluate the efficacy and safety of ingenol mebutate gel 0.015% on face and scalp \& 0.05% on trunk and extremities in Korean patient with actinic keratosis.

Detailed Description: The mechanism of action of ingenol mebutate for actinic keratosis(AK) treatment involves a rapid induction of necrosis followed by neutrophil-mediated, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of residual lesion. As the ingenol mebutate infiltrates the cell membrane, it increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration which leads to mitochondrial swelling and disruption of mitochondrial membrane within hours. The release of intra-mitochondrial Ca2+ into the cytoplasm leads to depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and a rapid induction of cell death by necrosis. This process occurs within 1 hour of application, which explains why the treatment period requires only 2 or 3 days of treatment. As the next phase, the cellular necrosis is accompanied by a robust inflammatory response through the release of proinflammatory cytokines from skin cells and tumor cells undergoing necrosis. The release of these proinflammatory cytokines into the dysplastic cells mediates the process of neutrophil recruitment through paracrine signaling and activation of endothelial cells. Here, the neutrophil mediated ADCC occurs, where activated neutrophils attach to the fragment, crystallized (Fc) parts of antibodies of dysplastic cells and destroys the residual dysplastic epidermal cells. In this way, the ingenol mebutate eradicates any residual tumor cells and prevents recurrence of actinic keratosis.As described above, the rapid effect and dual mechanism of action of ingenol mebutate gel allows not only a short-course therapy (2 or 3 days of application) for the elimination of actinic keratosis but also, the benefit for eradication of any residual lesions preventing the recurrence and the progression of AK into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 77

Inclusion Criteria

Male or female aged ≥ 19 years
Histopathologically diagnosed AK patients with at least 1 macroscopic and discrete lesion within a contiguous 25 cm2 (e.g. 5 cm x 5 cm) of treatment area
The treatment area including the lesion must be accessible to apply the investigational product. However, the lesions on lips, mucosa, outer ear (concha) and those around eyes are excluded.
Subjects who signed the written informed consent prior to perform any study-related procedures or assessments, including photographs of their treatment area for documentation and efficacy assessment.

Exclusion Criteria

Hypersensitivity to any components of the investigational product
History or evidence of skin conditions that could interfere with evaluation of the investigational product(e.g., eczema, unstable psoriasis, xeroderma pigmentosa, inflammatory or infectious disease around the selected treatment area)
Unhealed wound within 5 cm, or basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma within 10 cm from the selected treatment area.
Subjects who received or expected to receive any of the following pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy or procedures during the treatment and follow-up period
Subjects who have following disorder or abnormal laboratory result
Pregnant, lactating, and childbearing potential women who are unwilling to practice effective contraception; for example, oral contraceptives, hormonal methods, placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS), barrier methods (i.e., condom or occlusive cap with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream/suppository), male sterilization, and abstinence.
Subjects who previously underwent another clinical trial within 30 days or 5-times the half-life of previous investigational product prior to baseline (the longer period of time must be considered).
Other conditions by investigator's discretion to be inappropriate for this clinical study.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
ingenol mebutate gel 0.05%	ingenol mebutate gel 0.05%	Applied on trunk and extremities for two days.
ingenol mebutate gel 0.015%	ingenol mebutate gel 0.015%	Applied on face and scalp for three days.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
CC Rate of AK Lesions in the Selected Treatment Area	at day 57	Complete Clearance (CC) means that clearance of all visible AK lesions in the selected treatment area and Investigator-rated actinic keratiosis(AK) lesion complete clearance (CC) rate at the selected treatment area on day 57 was analyzed.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Percentage Change of the Number of AK Lesions in the Selected Treatment Area	Baseline and Day 57	Percentage change from baseline in the number of actinic keratiosis(AK) lesions in the selected treatment area on Day 57 was analyzed.
Change From Baseline in Quality of Life (Skindex-29)	at 29 and 57 days from baseline	Skindex-29 is a self-administered QoL questionnaire comprised of 29 items scored on a 5-point scale (0=never, 1=rarely, 2=sometimes, 3=often, 4=all the time) covering 3 domains: emotional (10 items), symptomatic (7 items), and functional (12 items), with domain scores ranging from 0 to 40, 28, and 48, respectively. Lower scores for each of the domains represents a better Quality of life.
Time to Relapse in CC Group	at 6 months	Time to relapse in complete clearance(CC) Group was analyzed. Median survival time with 95% confidence interval was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method.
Recurrence Rate in CC Group	at 6 months	Recurrence rate in complete clearance(CC) group was analyzed.
Sustained CC Rate in CC Group	at 6 months	Sustained Complete Clearance means that Complete Clearance was maintained until Month 6 in complete clearance (CC) group and sustained complete clearance(CC) rate at month 6 for complete clearance(CC) group was analyzed.
Percentage Change of the Number of AK Lesions in the Selected Treatment Area of CC Group	at 6 months from baseline	Percentage change from baseline in the number of actinic keratiosis(AK) lesions at Month 6 in the selected treatment area in complete clearance(CC) Group was analyzed.
Cosmetic Outcomes Assessment (COA)	at 29 and 57 days from baseline	The investigator rated the subject's Cosmetic Outcomes Assessment(COA) using 5 grades (Very good, Good, No change, Bad, Very bad), and results were as follows.
Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM)	at 29 and 57 days from baseline	Participants personally completed the tool to evaluate satisfaction with drug treatment. It consisted of 4 areas of Effectiveness, side effect, convenience, and global satisfaction, with a total of 14 sub-items. The full mark is 100, and it is divided in four stages as follows. * Very good: 76 -100 score * Good: 51-75 score * Not bad: 26-50 score * Bad: 0-25 score Scores for each area ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating that fewer side effects had occurred and greater treatment satisfaction.