Medications Development for Drug Abuse Disorders

Phase 1

Completed

Interventions: Drug: Buprenorphine/naloxone
Drug: Tramadol ER
Drug: Clonidine

Brief Summary: This is a study of tramadol as an agent for short-term opioid withdrawal treatment. A randomized, double blind clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of tramadol to clonidine and buprenorphine in the short-term treatment of opioid withdrawal will be conducted. Opioid dependent participants will be treated on a residential unit. The primary outcome measure is opioid withdrawal symptoms.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Participants in this study will be males and females between the ages of 18 and 60 years.
Applicants must be opioid dependent based upon the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (SCID); in addition, they must have an opioid positive urine during the screening process (or have evidence of opioid withdrawal).
They must be healthy, with no significant medical illnesses (e.g., insulin dependent diabetes), and without significant psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia) besides their drug dependence.
Females will have a pregnancy test prior to study enrollment, and if found to be pregnant will be excluded and referred to a substance abuse program for pregnant women (the Center for Addiction and Pregnancy) on the campus.
Volunteers will also be excluded if they have pre-admission hypotension (due to the use of clonidine in the study).
Applicants with a history of seizures (including substance-related seizures, such as alcohol withdrawal related) will be excluded.
Alcohol and/or sedative dependence will be specific exclusionary criteria (given the small risk of seizures associated with tramadol use).
Allergies to any of the study medications will be grounds for exclusion.

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
buprenorphine	Buprenorphine/naloxone	Sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone tablets (or placebo)
tramadol ER	Tramadol ER	Oral tramadol tablets (or placebo)
clonidine	Clonidine	Oral clonidine tablets (or placebo)

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Mean Ratings on Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) Measure of Withdrawal During Double-blind Taper (7-days) and Post-taper (7-days) Period.	14 days total	Outcomes represent mean peak withdrawal as rated on the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) total score. Withdrawal was collected 7 times daily and daily peak values were identified for each participant and averaged together as a function of group. Primary outcomes were mean peak results from the 7-day taper period and first 7 days post-taper. The COWS is an 11-item observer-rated measure of opioid withdrawal severity. Items are rated on individual Likert scales and the total score range is 0-47. Higher values indicate more severe withdrawal.

Secondary Outcome Measures