The Effects of Low-Intensity Resistance Training Combined With Blood Flow Restriction Versus Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Elderly Women
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Dr. Soetomo General Hospital
- Enrollment
- 60
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- VO₂max
Overview
Brief Summary
This study is aiming to compare the CRF utilizing LIRT-BFR and MIRT in the elderly. Both techniques provided comparable gains in VO₂ max and the BORG scale. The BFR group displayed a greater level of safety for elderly to undertake resistance training with the same benefit as the MIRT group.
Detailed Description
Decreased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a common issue among older adults and contributes to reduced physical activity levels and quality of life. While aerobic exercise is known to improve CRF, it has limited effects on muscle strength and mass. In contrast, resistance training can enhance both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness when performed at moderate intensity. Blood flow restriction (BFR) applied during low-intensity resistance training (LIRT-BFR) has emerged as a promising alternative that may elicit similar physiological benefits to traditional moderate-intensity resistance training (MIRT) while reducing mechanical stress on joints and muscles. This study aims to compare the effects of six weeks of LIRT-BFR versus MIRT on cardiorespiratory fitness in elderly women. Twenty-eight participants were randomly assigned to either the LIRT-BFR group or the MIRT group and completed 12 supervised exercise sessions over six weeks. The MIRT group performed exercises at 40-60% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM), while the LIRT-BFR group exercised at 20-30% of 1-RM under blood flow restriction. The primary outcome was the predicted VO₂max obtained from the 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT). The secondary outcome was the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) measured using the modified Borg scale following the 6MWT.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Single Group
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 60 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- Female
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Female aged ≥60 years who routinely performed aerobic exercise in RSUD Dr. Soetomo
- •Normal cognitive function (MoCA-Ina score ≥ 26)
- •Passed the screening questionnaire.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Severe physical disability (presented with a musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, or neurological disease that affected physical performance during exercise)
- •Visual and hearing impairment
- •Balance impairment
- •Blood clotting disorder
- •Peripheral arterial disease on the legs
- •Deep vein thrombosis
- •Neuropathy in the lower extremity
- •Uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes mellitus
- •Previous stroke and compartment syndrome
- •Knee osteoarthritis with moderate pain (VAS \>4)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
VO₂max
Time Frame: The VO₂max was measured before the intervention and after the intervention in the third and sixth weeks. The participants took a rest of at least 30 minutes after the resistance training to avoid fatigue in the legs, which could interfere with the 6MWD.
The main parameter evaluated in this study is cardiorespiratory fitness using VO₂max prediction value by carrying out a 6MWT.
Secondary Outcomes
- BORG RPE Scale(RPE was measured with the BORG Scale 6-20 to determine the participant's level of difficulty and exertion after the 6 MWT. The evaluation of RPE was continued for 60 minutes as guarantee the participant's safety and to monitor the complications.)