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Comparison of Affect-based, Self-selected, and Traditional Exercise Prescriptions

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Physical Activity
Interventions
Behavioral: Choice-based Exercise Intensity
Behavioral: Positive Affect Focus
Behavioral: Heart rate-based Exercise Intensity
Registration Number
NCT03047590
Lead Sponsor
Duke University
Brief Summary

This study will evaluate adherence to four types of walking programs. Participants will be randomized to walking programs that included either (1) affect-based exercise intensity, (2) self-selected (or "choice-based") exercise intensity, (3) heart-rate based exercise intensity, or (4) heart-rate guided exercise intensity with the emphasis on affective benefits.

Detailed Description

The purpose of this study is to determine if an "affect-based" or "choice-based" exercise prescription is more effective for behavior change than a traditional, "moderate-intensity" exercise prescription. Prior research suggests that "choice-based" or "self-selected" exercise intensity is more pleasant and adhered to than "moderate-intensity exercise" (Williams et al., 2014). Similarly, affect-based exercise prescriptions (i.e., an exercise prescription where intensity is regulated based on the pleasure-displeasure one feels while exercising) appear to have merit (Baldwin, Kangas, Denman, Smits, Yamada, \& Otto, 2016).

However, choice-based and affect-based exercise prescriptions have not been compared to each other. Further, it is unknown if it is the intensity regulation that matters (e.g., "choose an intensity that feels good" or the focus on affect (e.g., "focus on feeling good). Third, prior research has not objectively measured physical activity behavior.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
159
Inclusion Criteria
  • Must be fluent in English
  • Must be able to walk
  • Exercise less than 90 minutes per week at a moderate-intensity
  • Must be able to attend laboratory visits
  • Must have mobile internet accent and a personal smartphone (iPhone iOS 9+ or Android OS 4.3+)
  • Can safely exercise at an intensity that is at least "moderate"
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Exclusion Criteria
  • People who are recommended to have medical clearance prior to exercising, according to the American College of Sports Medicine's preparticipation screening criteria, will be excluded
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Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
No Choice-AffectHeart rate-based Exercise IntensityThese participants regulate their exercise intensity using their heart rate, with the goal of walking 30-60 minutes on most days of the week. The intensity is "moderate" according to the American College of Sports Medicine (40-59% of their heart rate reserve). Meanwhile, these participants are instructed to focus on the "good feelings" that come with exercise. this is heart rate-based exercise intensity with a focus on positive affect.
No Choice-No AffectHeart rate-based Exercise IntensityThese participants regulate their exercise intensity using their heart rate, with the goal of walking 30-60 minutes on most days of the week. The intensity is "moderate" according to the American College of Sports Medicine (40-59% of their heart rate reserve). This is heart rate-based exercise intensity with no focus on positive affect.
Choice-No AffectChoice-based Exercise IntensityThese participants self-select (i.e., choose) their exercise intensity with the goal of walking 30-60 minutes on most days of the week. For safety reasons, they are instructed not to exceed 59% of their heart rate reserve. This is choice-based exercise intensity with no focus on positive affect.
Choice-AffectChoice-based Exercise IntensityThese participants self-select their exercise intensity with the goal of walking 30-60 minutes on most days of the week. They're instructed to choose the intensity that makes them feel the best. For safety reasons, they are instructed not to exceed 59% of their heart rate reserve. This is choice-based exercise intensity with a focus on positive affect.
No Choice-AffectPositive Affect FocusThese participants regulate their exercise intensity using their heart rate, with the goal of walking 30-60 minutes on most days of the week. The intensity is "moderate" according to the American College of Sports Medicine (40-59% of their heart rate reserve). Meanwhile, these participants are instructed to focus on the "good feelings" that come with exercise. this is heart rate-based exercise intensity with a focus on positive affect.
Choice-AffectPositive Affect FocusThese participants self-select their exercise intensity with the goal of walking 30-60 minutes on most days of the week. They're instructed to choose the intensity that makes them feel the best. For safety reasons, they are instructed not to exceed 59% of their heart rate reserve. This is choice-based exercise intensity with a focus on positive affect.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change in objectively measured exercise behaviorThis will be measured throughout the baseline assessment period (2 weeks) and intervention period (4 weeks)

Minutes per week of objectively measured exercise behavior.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
EnjoymentMeasured at the end of the intervention period (4 weeks)

Enjoyment of exercise program.

Change in weightMeasured at the beginning and end of the study (6 weeks).

Body weight

Change in self-reported exercise behaviorThis will be measured throughout the baseline assessment period (2 weeks) and intervention period (4 weeks)

Minutes per week of self-reported exercise behavior that is reported using exercise log.

Change in affective attitudesMeasured during baseline assessment period and at the end of the intervention

Affective attitudes toward exercise

Self-reported intrinsic motivation (questionnaires)Two weeks into study intervention

Intrinsic motivation for exercise program

Change in resting heart rateMeasured at the beginning and end of the study (6 weeks).

Resting heart rate

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Duke University IBRC Lab

🇺🇸

Durham, North Carolina, United States

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