How do You Take Your Coffee Before Anesthesia

Not Applicable

Completed

Interventions: Other: Addition of half and half to coffee
Other: Addition of non-dairy creamer to coffee
Other: Black

Brief Summary: Undergoing anesthesia requires patients to fast pre-operatively to allow the stomach to empty and prevent aspiration pneumonia but patients are allowed to drink "clear" liquids up to 2 hours before surgery. Clear liquids are defined as water, carbonated sodas, black coffee or tea without milk or sugar, and juices without pulp. Many Americans prefer to take their coffee with half and half or coffee creamer rather than black. This study will determine whether the addition of a small amount of cream to coffee makes any difference to the volume in the stomach after 2 hours.

This study will use healthy volunteers as study participants. Each participant will participate in the study 3 times with at least 2 days in between. We will use a bedside ultrasound machine to measure their stomach content volume at baseline and then they will consume one of 3 different prepare drinks - black coffee, coffee with half and half, or coffee with non-dairy coffee creamer. After 2 hours, we will scan their stomach again and measure stomach content volume and compare it to the first measurement. The participants will repeat this two more times on different days so that they would have had a chance to consume all three prepared coffee drinks in a random order.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Diabetes mellitus
Delayed gastric emptying
Previous gastric surgery
Lactose intolerance
Current pregnancy
Consumption of solid/liquids in 6 hours prior to commencement of ultrasound study

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Black coffee first	Addition of non-dairy creamer to coffee	12 oz of black coffee with no additives is the first intervention tested
Coffee with half and half first	Black	12 oz of black coffee with 1 oz of half and half is the first intervention tested
Coffee with non-dairy creamer first	Black	12 oz of black coffee with 1 oz of liquid non-dairy creamer is the first intervention tested
Black coffee first	Addition of half and half to coffee	12 oz of black coffee with no additives is the first intervention tested
Coffee with half and half first	Addition of non-dairy creamer to coffee	12 oz of black coffee with 1 oz of half and half is the first intervention tested
Coffee with non-dairy creamer first	Addition of half and half to coffee	12 oz of black coffee with 1 oz of liquid non-dairy creamer is the first intervention tested
Coffee with non-dairy creamer first	Addition of non-dairy creamer to coffee	12 oz of black coffee with 1 oz of liquid non-dairy creamer is the first intervention tested
Black coffee first	Black	12 oz of black coffee with no additives is the first intervention tested
Coffee with half and half first	Addition of half and half to coffee	12 oz of black coffee with 1 oz of half and half is the first intervention tested

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Difference Between Gastric Volume Post Coffee Consumption Compared to the Baseline Gastric Volume	Baseline 6 hours after fasting and 2 hours after intervention	Gastric volume calculated based on measured cross-sectional area (CSA) of gastric antrum and participant's age. CSA is measured at baseline after fasting for 6 hours and measured again 2 hours after consuming prepared coffee drink

Secondary Outcome Measures