The Relationships Between Equanimity, Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion, and Mental Health Outcomes

Recruiting

• Conditions: Self-Compassion; Mindfulness; Mental Health Outcomes
• Interventions: Other: Self-reported questionnaires

• Registration Number: NCT06418906
• Lead Sponsor: The University of Hong Kong

Brief Summary

This is an academic research study aiming to explore the relationships between equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, and mental health outcomes, and to examine the reliability and validity of the new measures in Hong Kong.

Detailed Description

The current research aims to validate two new measures, the Equanimity Scale (ES-16) and the Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS-S) in Hong Kong. Standard procedures of forward-backward translation of the ES-16 and SOCS-S were employed. Adults aged 18 or above will be recruited in the community to fill out a set of questionnaires two times on equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, and mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, wellbeing). Relationships between these variables will be explored. To assess test-retest reliability, participants will be invited to fill out the same set of questionnaires on a total of two time points: baseline and two-week post-baseline.

Study Timeline

• Status Verified: 2024-05
• Study Start: 2024-05
• Study First Submitted: 2024-05-13
• Study First Submitted QC: 2024-05-13
• Study First Posted: 2024-05-17
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-05-31
• Last Update Posted: 2024-06-03
• Primary Completion: 2026-05
• Study Completion: 2026-05

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 500

Inclusion Criteria

• aged 18 or above
• can read and type Chinese
• have means to access online surveys

No Exclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Community adults aged 18 or above	Self-reported questionnaires	This is a single-arm study with no intervention involved. Adults aged 18 or above from the community will be invited to fill out the same set of questionnaires on a total of two time points: baseline and two-week post-baseline.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Wellbeing (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale)	2-week	The seven-item Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) will be used to measure wellbeing. Possible score range is 0 to 35, where higher scores mean higher mental wellbeing.
Equanimity (Two-Factor Equanimity Scale)	2-week	The Two-Factor Equanimity Scale (EQUA-S) will be used to measure equanimity, for assessing convergent validity of the ES-16. Possible score range is 14 to 70, where higher scores indicate higher equanimity.
Equanimity (Equanimity Scale)	2-week	The 16-item Equanimity Scale (ES-16) will be used to measure equanimity. Possible score range is 16 to 80, where higher scores indicate higher equanimity.
Self-compassion (Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale)	2-week	The 20-item Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS-S) will be used to measure self-compassion. Possible score range is 20 to 100, where higher scores indicate higher self-compassion.
Stress (Perceived Stress Scale - 10)	2-week	The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale - 10 (PSS) will be used to measure stress. Possible score range is 0 to 40, where higher scores indicate higher perceived stress.
Anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7)	2-week	The seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) will be used to measure anxiety. Possible score range is 0 to 21, where higher scores indicate more severe anxiety.
Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire - 9)	2-week	The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9) will be used to measure depression. Possible score range is 0 to 27, where higher scores mean more severe depression.
Mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - 20)	2-week	The 20-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - 20 (FFMQ-20) will be used to measure mindfulness. Possible score range is 20 to 100, where higher scores indicate higher mindfulness.
Self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form)	2-week	The 12-item Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form (SCS-SF) will be used to measure self-compassion, for assess convergent validity of the SOCS-S. Possible score range is 12 to 60, where higher scores indicate higher self-compassion.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
single-item measures on equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, depression, anxiety, stress (i.e., six items in total)	2-week	Six single-item exploratory weekly measures respectively measuring equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, depression, anxiety, stress. Possible score range for single-item measures on equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion are 1 to 7, where higher scores indicate higher equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion respectively. Possible score range for single-item measures on depression, anxiety are 0 to 3, where higher scores indicate more severe depression, anxiety respectively. Possible score range for single-item measure on stress is 0 to 4, where higher scores indicate higher perceived stress.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong; 🇭🇰 Hong Kong, Hong Kong