A Guided Imagery Tobacco Cessation Intervention Delivered by a Quit Line and Website

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Smoking Cessation
Smoking, Tobacco
Guided Imagery
Tobacco Smoking
Tobacco Use

Interventions: Behavioral: Imagery Intervention
Behavioral: Control Condition

Registration Number: NCT02968381

Lead Sponsor: University of Arizona

Brief Summary: Tobacco use is still the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. Tobacco quit lines are effective at helping smokers to quit, but quit lines are underutilized, especially by men and racial/ethnic minorities. Guided imagery is effective at helping people quit smoking, and is appealing to males and diverse racial groups, but has limited reach. The proposed study will develop and test the feasibility and acceptability of a guided imagery tobacco cessation intervention that is delivered by a combination of quit line coaches and an interactive website. The investigators hypothesize that guided mental imagery delivered using the quit line "coaching model" combined with an interactive website could be an effective intervention strategy.

Detailed Description: The objective of this three year R34 application is to develop and test the feasibility of a theory-driven, telephone plus web-based, guided mental imagery intervention for smoking cessation.

Aim 1. Develop a theory-based, guided mental imagery tobacco cessation intervention for quit line callers with input from expert consultants in health disparities and a Community Advisory Board representing diverse populations and tobacco control stakeholders. The intervention will include phone-based coaching, an interactive website, and optional cessation medication. It will be focus tested with 40 smokers (from diverse racial/ethnic and age groups with at least 40% males), and usability tested with 5 smokers.

Aim 2. Develop training and competency standards for, and train, four coaches in the implementation of the guided imagery and control interventions. Coaches will be assessed at 6-weeks and 6-months post-training for implementation fidelity and satisfaction.

Aim 3. Conduct a feasibility trial (N=100) to gather preliminary data on the effects of the guided mental imagery intervention on quit line callers' tobacco use, cravings, and self-efficacy to quit smoking, and to refine study procedures, including recruitment, retention, and use of intervention components. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either the Imagery Intervention (N=50) or an attention control condition (N=50) as delivered by study coaches. Participants will be assessed at baseline, 6-weeks and 6-months post-enrollment. Primary outcomes will be self-reported point prevalence and prolonged abstinence of tobacco use. Biochemical validation will be conducted on a sub-sample to determine validity of self-reported abstinence in this population. Secondary outcomes will be self-reported cravings and self-efficacy.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 121

Inclusion Criteria

Current smoker trying to quit
Speak English
Internet access
Email access
Live in the state of Arizona, USA

Exclusion Criteria

Having enrolled and participated in Quit line services in the past 12 months
Diagnosed with a serious mental illness (e.g. current depression)

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Imagery Intervention	Imagery Intervention	Participants will receive imagery intervention which includes 6 telephone sessions, an introduction to guided imagery, setting a quit date, setting guided imagery schedule, and a description of and instructions for using the study website.
Control Condition	Control Condition	Participants will receive an attention control condition which includes 6 telephone sessions, an introduction to cognitive behavioral telephone coaching, setting a quit date, creating a quit plan, and a description of and instructions for using the Arizona Smokers' Help Line website.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Participants With Change in Self-reported 7-day Tobacco Abstinence From Baseline to Follow-up	6 months	Tobacco use over the past seven days is assessed by project staff at 6-months post-enrollment. Tobacco use includes cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and other types of tobacco. The question is asked "Have you smoked, even a puff, in the last 7 days?" "Have you used any other form of tobacco in the last 7 days?" If yes to either question, the participant is asked to indicate what type of tobacco was used and how much was used (e.g., "how many cigarettes did you smoke on a typical day?").
Number of Participants With Change in Self-reported Tobacco 30-day Abstinence From Baseline to Follow-up	6 months	Tobacco use over the past 30 days is assessed by project staff at 6-months post-enrollment. Tobacco use includes cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and other types of tobacco. The question is asked "Have you smoked, even a puff, in the last 30 days?" "Have you used any other form of tobacco in the last 30 days?" If yes to either question, the participant is asked to indicate what type of tobacco was used and how much was used (e.g., "how many cigarettes did you smoke on a typical day?").

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in Tobacco Use for Non-quitters From Baseline to Follow-up	6 months	Assessed by project staff at 6-months post-enrollment.
Change in Self-efficacy for Quitting From Baseline to Follow-up	6 months	An abbreviated version of the Condiotte and Lichtenstein (1981) Confidence Questionnaire consisting of 5 items for quitters and 6 items for non-quitters. All items are scored using a 5-point Likert scale where 1 is low/less and 5 is high/more. We calculated an average score of the items (which would have a value between 1 and 5).
Change in Nicotine Cravings From Baseline to Follow-up	6 months	This was assessed using 1 item adapted from the Shiffman (2004) Rating Scale ("How much have you craved tobacco today?"). Responses were coded using a 6-point Likert scale from "not at all" (code 0) to "a great deal" (code 5).