Twelve Weeks of Resistance Training is Equally As Effective At Improving Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Older Women with and Without Depression: a Non-randomized Cross-over Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 79
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Cardiovascular risk factors
研究概览
简要总结
Background: the purporse was to evaluate and compare the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in older women with and without depressive disorders Methods: We included 79 older women, 52 without depressive disorders and 27 with a diagnosis of depressive disorders. The 79 participants passed through 12 weeks of control condition and were instructed to maintain their habitual routine. After the control period, the participants were reevaluated and attended 12 weeks of RT. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to measure anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. The serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density cholesterol (LDL-c), and triglycerides (TG) were used as cardiovascular risk factors. The Linear Mixed Model (LMM) was used to compare between groups.
详细描述
- Introduction It is estimated that 3.8% of the worldwide population (5,7% of adults older than 60 years) experienced a depressive disorder diagnosis in 2023 (1). Further, depression is about 50% more common among women than men. Depressive disorders represent a huge burden for society, especially considering their association with the development of cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (2,3). For instance, several studies found that people with depressive disorders have a higher risk of developing diabetes, metabolic syndrome, CVDs, higher CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality (4,5). Therefore, depressive disorders increase healthcare costs (6), health service utilization (7), and reduce productivity (8). Thus, CVD is the main potentially avoidable contributor to early deaths in patients with depression (4).
Among the multiple strategies, physical activity is a modifiable behavior that may act as adjuvant therapy for depressive disorders and an essential protective factor for cardiometabolic risk factors and CVD, mainly in older adults (9-11). In this regard, resistance training (RT) has been widely recommended for this population due to its positive impact on overall health and, mainly, to counteract the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and muscular strength (9). Particularly, effects of RT has positive effects on cardiometabolic parameters (12,13), body fat (14), cardiorespiratory fitness (15), central nervous system (16), and CVD (14).
Beyond the benefits for physical health, some systematic reviews and meta-analyses also showed that RT can be effective in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms in older adults (10,17,18). Additionally, it seems that different clinical conditions (i.e., with vs. without depressive disorders) could present different responses to an RT program, as the participants with depressive disorders presented a higher reduction in depressive symptoms compared with their counterparts (10). This finding indicates that RT may be an effective and feasible intervention for older adults with depressive disorders. Therefore, besides cardiovascular benefits, RT could also be an essential way to protect physical health among people with depressive disorders. However, to our knowledge, there is a lack of studies investigating the effect of RT on CVD risk factors among people with depressive disorders. In addition, depression may impact traditional CVD risk factors such as diet, exercise, as well as adherence to medical treatment aimed at primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (19). Furthermore, a previous study has shown the association between antidepressant medication and prevalence and poorer control of CVD risk factors in a population-based older adults sample (20). Further, whilst it is generally known that RT can improve CVD in the general population (21), it is unclear if RT is equally effective in those with depression.
Given the aforementioned, the investigators aimed to evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of RT on CVD risk factors and anxiety and depressive symptoms among older women with and without depressive disorders. Second, the investigators compared the effects of RT on CVD risk factors and anxiety and depressive symptoms among older women with and without depressive disorders. The investigators hypothesized that older women with depressive disorders could have a greater magnitude of improvement in CVD risk factors, anxiety, and depressive symptoms than older women without depressive disorders due to their worse clinical condition. 2. Methods 2.1. Experimental Design
This current investigation is a secondary analysis of the Active Aging Longitudinal Study, designed to analyze the effects of supervised, structured, and progressive RT programs on neuromuscular, morphological, physiological, metabolic, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes in older women. It was selected data collected between November 2021 and July 2022 for the present investigation. This trial was a non-randomized cross-over trial conducted over 33 weeks and divided into two phases:
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Non Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 60 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •females aged > 60 years;
- •physically independent;
- •had no cardiac, orthopedic, or musculoskeletal dysfunction that could impede physical exercise;
- •not having uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or hypertension;
- •not be involved in the practice of regular physical activity performed more than once a week over the three months before the start of the study;
- •present the medical clearance from a cardiologist (resting 12-lead electrocardiogram test, personal interview, and treadmill stress test when deemed necessary) to attend RT without restriction.
排除标准
- •not reaching 85% of training sessions
结局指标
主要结局
Cardiovascular risk factors
时间窗: From begining to the end 12 weeks
Blood sample (venous) was collected in a tube containing a dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (12 ml, vacuum-sealed system; Vacutainer, England) between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. by a trained laboratory technician after an overnight fast of at least 12 h. Participants rested in a seated position for at least five minutes before withdrawing 5 ml of blood from a prominent superficial vein in the antecubital space. All samples were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 15 min, and plasma or serum aliquots were stored at -80° C until assayed. As determined in human plasma, inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were \< 10%.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino
PhD
Universidade Estadual de Londrina