Effect of Daily Breakfast Omission Versus Breakfast Consumption on Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Energy Intake in Adolescent Girls Who Habitually Skip Breakfast: a 7-day Crossover Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 39
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Time spent in physical activity (minutes/day)
研究概览
简要总结
There is a distinct lack of experimental evidence on whether breakfast consumption and omission affect energy balance-related variables. This research is of particular relevance to adolescent girls due to concerns of low rates of breakfast consumption and physical activity in this population. This study aims to compare the effect of seven consecutive days of breakfast omission with standardised breakfast consumption on free-living physical activity energy expenditure, energy intake and perceived appetite and energy levels in adolescent girls.
详细描述
Observational reports showing infrequent breakfast consumption to be associated with increased adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk in children and adolescents have fuelled concerns over the low prevalence of habitual breakfast consumption among adolescents. Yet, only experimental study designs can determine the causal effects of breakfast consumption on health-related variables and such research has typically targeted adults. Adolescent girls may respond differently to manipulations in breakfast consumption than adults because they have distinct hormonal, metabolic and behavioural profiles. Further, a link between breakfast and physical activity in adolescent girls has particular public health relevance because the adolescent decline in both breakfast consumption frequency and physical activity is more pronounced in girls than in boys. Thus, the primary aim of the current study is to use a randomised, cross-over design to compare the effect of seven consecutive days of breakfast omission with standardised breakfast consumption on free-living PAEE in adolescent girls. The secondary aims are to examine the effects on energy intake, perceived appetite and energy levels.
Using a randomized crossover design, girls aged 11-14 years will complete two, 7-day conditions. A standardized breakfast will consumed every day before 09:00 in the daily breakfast consumption condition. No energy-providing nutrients will consumed (i.e., only water) before 10:30 in the breakfast omission condition. Combined heart rate-accelerometry will be used to estimate physical activity energy expenditure and digital photography complemented with written food diaries will be used to assess energy intake during each condition; these data will be separated into three time segments: wake to 10:30, 10:30 to 15:30 and 15:30 to bed. Visual analogue scales will be used to assess perceptions of hunger, fullness, tiredness and energy levels on waking and at 09:00 and 10:30. Statistical analyses will be completed using condition by time of day linear mixed models.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 11 Years 至 14 Years（Child）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Parental informed consent
- •Child assent
排除标准
- •Health related issues identified from a health screen questionnaire that could be adversely affected by participation or could affect the study outcomes (e.g., allergies to the breakfast meals, fitted with a pacemaker)
- •Unable to walk or wear a combined heart rate-accelerometer on the chest.
结局指标
主要结局
Time spent in physical activity (minutes/day)
时间窗: Seven days
Time spent sedentary and in light, moderate and vigorous physical activity (minutes/day) assessed using combined heart rate-accelerometry across seven consecutive days.
Physical activity energy expenditure (kJ/day)
时间窗: Seven days
Free-living physical activity energy expenditure from sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous activities (kJ/day) assessed using combined heart rate-accelerometry across seven consecutive days.
次要结局
- Carbohydrate intake (g/day)(Four days)
- Fat intake (g/day)(Four days)
- Fibre intake (g/day)(Four days)
- Energy intake (kJ/day)(Four days)
- Protein intake (g/day)(Four days)
- Perceived fullness (mm)(Four days)
- Perceived tiredness levels (mm)(Four days)
- Perceived hunger (mm)(Four days)
- Perceived energy levels (mm)(Four days)
研究者
Dr Julia Fruer
Senior Lecturer in Health, Nutrition and Exercise
University of Bedfordshire