Does N-Acetylcysteine Decrease Spontaneous Oxidation of Central Neural Dopamine in Parkinson's Disease?

Phase 1

Terminated

Conditions: Parkinson Disease
Cerebrospinal Fluid

Interventions: Procedure: Lumbar Puncture
Drug: N-Acetylcysteine
Radiation: Fluoroscopy

Registration Number: NCT03104725

Lead Sponsor: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)

Brief Summary: Background:

Parkinsons disease (PD) causes slow movement, stiffness, and poor balance. Many symptoms are due to the loss of brain cells that make the brain chemical dopamine. The cells may be damaged by the breakdown of dopamine by a process called oxidation. The drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can act as an antioxidant. Researchers want to test if NAC can decrease the oxidation of brain dopamine in people with PD.

Objective:

To look at the effect of NAC on brain chemistry in people with PD.

Eligibility:

People ages 18 and older with PD that were diagnosed within the past 5 years. They must be taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

Healthy volunteer participants ages 18 and older.

Design:

Participants will be screened with:

Medical history

Physical exam

Blood and urine tests

Participants will be hospitalized for 4 to 8 days.

On day 1, participants will have blood and urine tests. For several hours, they cannot eat or drink anything but water and their medications. Late in the morning they will have a meal.

About 2 hours later they will have a spinal tap (lumbar puncture). For this, a numbing medicine is injected into the back. A needle is inserted between the bones in the back to remove a small amount of fluid. The spinal tap may use x-rays to see inside the body.

After the spinal tap, they will start taking NAC by mouth.

They will take NAC twice a day for 2 more days.

On the next day, they will not eat until a meal in the late morning. They will take a final NAC dose.

About 2 hours later they will have a second spinal tap.

Healthy Volunteer (HV) participants will receive a spinal tap on day one, followed by a second spinal tap 48 hours after the first spinal tap. HV participants will not receive NAC.

Detailed Description: Objective:

This study is to test whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits the spontaneous oxidation of central neural dopamine as indicated by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine (Cys-DA) in patients with Parkinsons disease (PD).

Study population:

The study population comprises up to 35 participants with early (less than or equal to 5 years from diagnosis), mild, levodopa-untreated PD and up to 6 healthy volunteer participants. The PD participants will be on an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) that is prescribed for their disease.

Design:

The study has a two groups employing a pretest-posttest design. Each participant undergoes a lumbar puncture (LP) as an inpatient at the NIH Clinical Center to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for assays of Cys-DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and related biochemicals. For PD participants, the second LP is done after the participant has taken at least 5 doses of NAC (2 grams orally twice per day). The LP takes place about 2 hours after the last NAC dose. For HV participants the second LP takes place approximately 48 hours after the first LP.

Outcome measures:

The main outcome measure is the CSF concentration of Cys-DA. Other outcome measures are levels of other catecholamine-related neurochemicals or of indices of oxidative stress. Depending on the results, an exploratory study may be done involving NAC at 1 gram orally twice per day.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: TERMINATED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 6

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Healthy Volunteers	Lumbar Puncture	HVs who undergo 2 LPs as inpatients, with 48 hours between LPs and no NAC treatment
Healthy Volunteers	Fluoroscopy	HVs who undergo 2 LPs as inpatients, with 48 hours between LPs and no NAC treatment
PD Patients	Lumbar Puncture	Patient undergoes a lumbar puncture (LP) as an inpatient at the NIH Clinical Center to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for assays of Cys-DA, 3,4- dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and related biochemicals. The second LP is done after the patient has taken at least 5 doses of NAC (2 grams orally twice per day).
PD Patients	Fluoroscopy	Patient undergoes a lumbar puncture (LP) as an inpatient at the NIH Clinical Center to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for assays of Cys-DA, 3,4- dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and related biochemicals. The second LP is done after the patient has taken at least 5 doses of NAC (2 grams orally twice per day).
PD Patients	N-Acetylcysteine	Patient undergoes a lumbar puncture (LP) as an inpatient at the NIH Clinical Center to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for assays of Cys-DA, 3,4- dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and related biochemicals. The second LP is done after the patient has taken at least 5 doses of NAC (2 grams orally twice per day).

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
The Mean Percent Change in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Concentration of 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine (Cys-DA) Pre and Post-N-acetylcysteine (NAC) Treatment	All participants underwent a baseline LP. For PD participants, the second LP occurred approximately 2 hours after the participant had taken NAC the last NAC dose. For HV participants the second LP takes place approximately 48 hours after the first LP.	Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) who took N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and healthy volunteers who did not take NAC, each had two separate lumbar punctures (LP 1 and LP 2) to obtain spinal fluid. The spinal fluid samples were used to measure the amount of a brain chemical called 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine (Cys-DA). The primary outcome measure is the mean change in CSF Cys-DA levels between pre and post-NAC treatment, which is calculated as the difference of CSF Cys-DA levels at pre-treatment (LP 1) and post-treatment (LP 2) divided by CSF Cys-DA at pre-treatment (LP 1). A greater percent decrease in Cys-DA levels in the brain would suggest that NAC may contribute to a reduction in the oxidation of brain dopamine, while a smaller percent decrease would suggest that NAC had no effect on the oxidation of brain dopamine.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Mean Ratio of Cys-DA/DOPAC Pre and Post-treatment Lumbar Puncture With and Without N-acetylcysteine (NAC)	All participants underwent a baseline LP. For PD participants, the second LP occurred approximately 2 hours after the participant had taken NAC the last NAC dose. For HV participants the second LP takes place approximately 48 hours after the first LP.	Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) who took N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and healthy volunteers who did not take NAC, each had two separate lumbar punctures (LPs) to obtain spinal fluid. The spinal fluid samples were used to measure the ratio of the brain chemical called 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine (Cys-DA) to the brain chemical called 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (Cys-DOPAC). Dopamine has 2 possible metabolic fates or processes of degradation. One fate is the breakdown of Dopamine by an enzyme to form DOPAC. The other fate is spontaneous oxidation to form Cys-DA. The ratio of Cys-DA to DOPAC may reflect these relative fates. If NAC reduced spontaneous oxidation to Cys-DA, then the ratio Cys-DA/DOPAC ratio would decrease between LP 1 and LP 2.
Mean Percent Change in Cys-DA/DOPAC Between Pre and Post-treatment Lumbar Puncture With and Without N-acetylcysteine (NAC)	All participants underwent a baseline LP. For PD participants, the second LP occurred approximately 2 hours after the participant had taken NAC the last NAC dose. For HV participants the second LP takes place approximately 48 hours after the first LP.	Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) who took N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and healthy volunteers who did not take NAC, each had two separate lumbar punctures (LPs) to obtain spinal fluid. The spinal fluid samples were used to measure the ratio of the brain chemical called 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine (Cys-DA) to the brain chemical called 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (Cys-DOPAC). Dopamine has 2 metabolic fates. One is the breakdown of dopamine by an enzyme to form DOPAC. The other is spontaneous oxidation to form Cys-DA. The ratio of Cys-DA/DOPAC may reflect these relative fates. If NAC reduced spontaneous oxidation to Cys-DA, then the ratio Cys-DA/DOPAC would decrease between LP 1 and LP 2, which would be reflected as a percent decrease.