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NMES to Prevent Respiratory Muscle Atrophy in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Not Applicable
Conditions
Mechanical Ventilation Complication
Muscle Weakness
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
Interventions
Device: VentFree prototype (VF03-K) sham stimulation
Device: VentFree prototype (VF03-K) active stimulation
Registration Number
NCT03453944
Lead Sponsor
University Medical Center Nijmegen
Brief Summary

Patients requiring prolonged time on the ventilator are susceptible to a wide range of clinical complications and excess mortality. It is therefore imperative for them to wean at the earliest possible time.

Respiratory muscle weakness due to disuse of these muscles is a major underlying factor for weaning failure. Surprisingly, there is not much known about the impact of critical illness and MV on the expiratory abdominal wall muscles.These muscles are immediately activated as ventilation demands increase and are important in supporting respiratory function in patients with diaphragm weakness. Weakness of expiratory abdominal wall muscles will result in a decreased cough function and reduced ventilatory capacity. These are considerable causes of weaning failure and (re)hospitalisation for respiratory complications such as pneumonia.

Recent evidence shows that neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be used as a safe therapy to maintain skeletal muscle function in critically ill patients. This study will be the first to test the hypothesis that breath-synchronized NMES of the abdominal wall muscles can prevent expiratory muscle atrophy during the acute stages of MV.

Detailed Description

Approximately 30-40% of intubated patients at the intensive care unit (ICU) take more than one attempt to wean from mechanical ventilation (MV). 6-14% of intubated patients take longer than 7 days to wean from MV. Patients requiring prolonged time on the ventilator are susceptible to a wide range of clinical complications and excess mortality. It is therefore imperative for them to wean at the earliest possible time.

Respiratory muscle weakness due to disuse of these muscles is a major underlying factor for weaning failure. It is known that diaphragm strength rapidly declines within a few days after the initiation of MV. Surprisingly, there is not much known about the impact of critical illness and MV on the expiratory abdominal wall muscles.These muscles are immediately activated as ventilation demands increase and are important in supporting respiratory function in patients with diaphragm weakness. Weakness of expiratory abdominal wall muscles will result in a decreased cough function and reduced ventilatory capacity. These are considerable causes of weaning failure and (re)hospitalisation for respiratory complications such as pneumonia.

Recent evidence shows that neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be used as a safe therapy to maintain skeletal muscle function in critically ill patients, e.g. by stimulating quadriceps muscles in patients receiving MV.

This study will be the first to test the hypothesis that exhalation synchronized NMES of the abdominal wall muscles can prevent expiratory muscle atrophy during the acute stages of MV. The investigators hypothesize that this approach will improve respiratory function and thereby will reduce the amount of time it takes to wean patients from mechanical ventilation.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
UNKNOWN
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
20
Inclusion Criteria
  • age > 18 year
  • invasive mechanical ventilation less than 72 hours
  • expected duration of MV after inclusion > 72 hours
Exclusion Criteria
  • no clearly visible separate layers of the abdominal wall muscles (external oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles), assessed with ultrasound during routine care
  • cardiac pacemaker
  • congenital myopathies and/or existing central or peripheral neuropathies
  • refractory epilepsy
  • recent abdominal surgery within four weeks prior to study inclusion
  • body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m2
  • pregnancy

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
VF03-K sham stimulationVentFree prototype (VF03-K) sham stimulationSham stimulation applied to the abdominal wall muscles using the VentFree prototype (VF03-K). Sham stimulation is applied twice daily for 30 minutes, 5 days per week, for 6 weeks or until the patient is weaned from mechanical ventilation, whichever occurs sooner.
VF03-K active stimulationVentFree prototype (VF03-K) active stimulationNMES applied to the abdominal wall muscles using the VentFree prototype (VF03-K). Stimulation is applied twice daily for 30 minutes, 5 days per week, for 6 weeks or until the patient is weaned from mechanical ventilation, whichever occurs sooner.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Thickness of the abdominal wall musclesUntil study completion, up to 6 weeks

Thickness of the abdominal wall muscles over time, for both groups, as measured by ultrasound.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Thickness of the diaphragmUntil study completion, up to 6 weeks

Thickness of the diaphragm over time, for both groups, as measured by ultrasound.

Maximum expiratory pressure (MEP)Within 24 hours after extubation

Maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) to assess expiratory muscle function

Peak expiratory flowWithin 24 hours after extubation

Peak expiratory flow (PEF) to assess cough strength

Systemic inflammatory markersWithin 24 hours after extubation

Among others, cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 will be determined from blood sample analysis

Number of patients with respiratory complications after ICU dischargeUp to 6 weeks after ICU discharge

Number of patients with development of pneumonia, and readmission to the ICU due to atelectasis or respiratory problems that require mechanical ventilation.

Thickness of the rectus abdominis muscleUntil study completion, up to 6 weeks

Thickness of the rectus abdominis mucle over time, for both groups, as measured by ultrasound.

Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP)Within 24 hours after extubation

Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) to assess inspiratory muscle function

Vital capacity (Vc)Within 24 hours after extubation

Vital capacity (Vc) to assess respiratory muscle strength

Number of patients with extubation failureWithin 24 hours after extubation

Weaning failure defined as the failure to pass a spontaneous-breathing trial or the need for reintubation within 48 hours following extubation

Trial Locations

Locations (3)

UMC Nijmegen

🇳🇱

Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands

VU University Medical Center

🇳🇱

Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands

Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital

🇳🇱

Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands

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