Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Older Hypertensive Individuals Submitted to Different Types of Physical Training

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Autonomic Dysfunction
• Interventions: Other: Exercise

• Registration Number: NCT05135247
• Lead Sponsor: University of Sao Paulo

Brief Summary

Sixty-one sedentary older hypertensive individuals were randomized to four groups: continuous aerobic training (CA), interval aerobic training (IA), resistance training (R), and control (C) group. The protocol included 3 sessions of training by week for 12 weeks. C individuals were instructed to continue their usual activities. They were submitted to the passive tilt test before and after the research protocol, evaluating the heart rate (HR), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFAα1) and entropy

Detailed Description

The individuals were randomized into four groups: continuous aerobic training (CA), interval aerobic training (IA), resistance training (R), and control (C), which performed physical exercises three times a week for twelve weeks, with a total of 36 sessions. The tilt test was performed before and after the research protocol. Individuals in the control group were only encouraged to maintain their usual activities.

For the analysis of HRV, the baseline conditions (resting in the supine position) were determined, followed by the passive postural maneuver, which characterizes the tilt test (table til tat 70 °) in order to determine the following variables:

* HR: heart rate (sympathetic action)

* LF: Low frequency band (Modulated predominantly by the sympathetic system)

* HF: High frequency band (Modulated predominantly by the parasympathetic system)

* Entropy: data complexity or irregularity index showing that, the higher the values, the better the HRV.

* DFAα1 (short term detrended fluctuation analysis)

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2015-01-10
• Primary Completion: 2017-06-10
• Study Completion: 2017-07-10
• Status Verified: 2021-11
• Study First Submitted: 2021-11-09
• Study First Submitted QC: 2021-11-19
• Last Update Submitted: 2021-11-19
• Study First Posted: 2021-11-26
• Last Update Posted: 2021-11-26

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 61

Inclusion Criteria

men and women 60-year-old or older, extensively using prescription antihypertensive drugs, and having no previous experience with physical training -

Exclusion Criteria

• • Positive treadmill test (TT) for ischemia

  • Related left ventricular systolic dysfunction of any degree
  • Presence of arrhythmias
  • Use of β-blockers
  • Use more than seven doses of ethyl alcohol per week
  • Renal insufficiency
  • Diabetes
  • Hyper- or hypothyroidism
  • Limiting lung disease
  • Osteomioarticular impairment that would limit exercise performance
  • SBP ≥160 and/or DBP ≥ 100 mmHg on baseline

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
interval aerobic training (IA)	Exercise	The IA group was submitted to exercise intensities of 60% for 2 minutes and 80% for 2 minutes, alternately, with a total of 30 minutes.
continuous aerobic training (CA)	Exercise	The CA group was trained with 70% of maximum heart rate (MHR) for 30 minutes.
resistance training (R)	Exercise	The R sessions consisted of a set of each proposed exercise: sitting bench press, legpress, back row, leg extension, shoulders high pull, seated leg curl, biceps curls, standing calf, triceps in the pulley, and abdominal crunches, with 8 - 10 repetitions with 75% 1MR.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Heart rate	12 weeks	Heart rate was obtained before and after the protocol by electrocardiogram, performed before and after tilt test at each time.
Short term detrended fluctuation analysis	12 weeks	Short term detrended fluctuation analysis obtained before and after the protocol by electrocardiogram, performed before and after tilt test at each time.The electrical signal from the electrocardiogram was filtered and amplified. The amplified signals were processed by ananalog-digital converter (DI-720, DATAQ Instruments, Akron, OH, USA) and sampled (1000 hz per channel) by a computer program (Windaq, DATAQ, Akron, OH, USA) installed in an IBM/PC computer.
Low frequency band	12 weeks	Low frequency band was obtained before and after the protocol by electrocardiogram, performed before and after tilt test at each time.The electrical signal from the electrocardiogram was filtered and amplified. The amplified signals were processed by ananalog-digital converter (DI-720, DATAQ Instruments, Akron, OH, USA) and sampled (1000 hz per channel) by a computer program (Windaq, DATAQ, Akron, OH, USA) installed in an IBM/PC computer.
Entropy	12 weeks	Entropy was obtained before and after the protocol by electrocardiogram, performed before and after tilt test at each time.The electrical signal from the electrocardiogram was filtered and amplified. The amplified signals were processed by ananalog-digital converter (DI-720, DATAQ Instruments, Akron, OH, USA) and sampled (1000 hz per channel) by a computer program (Windaq, DATAQ, Akron, OH, USA) installed in an IBM/PC computer.
High frequency band	12 weeks	High frequency band was obtained before and after the protocol by electrocardiogram, performed before and after tilt test at each time.The electrical signal from the electrocardiogram was filtered and amplified. The amplified signals were processed by ananalog-digital converter (DI-720, DATAQ Instruments, Akron, OH, USA) and sampled (1000 hz per channel) by a computer program (Windaq, DATAQ, Akron, OH, USA) installed in an IBM/PC computer.