Cue Effects in Human Addiction: Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Recruiting

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 300

Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: - males and females between 16-65 years of age - AUD subjects only: meet a minimum of 2 criteria for DSM-5 alcohol-related disorder (AUD) (not requiring withdrawal as assessed by an independent psychiatrist) and AUDIT > 4 - Smokers: Daily smokers only: smoke 7 days/week during the last three months - Non-daily smokers only: smoke at least once but less than 7 days/week during the last three months - Ability to consent to the study and complete the questionnaires - Sufficient language skills: German - Availability between 3pm-6pm on 2 consecutive days (Experiment 1, acute stress question) - Females only: luteal phase (Experiment 1, acute stress question) Exclusion Criteria: - Lifetime diagnosis according to DMS-5 for: Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, substance dependence except for alcohol, nicotine, or cannabis - Currently meeting DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for a depressive episode, suicidal ideation - Past traumatic brain injury or severe neurological disease (such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis) - Pregnancy or breastfeeding - Ingestion of medications known to interact with the CNS in the 10-day period prior to study participation or less than 4 half-lives after last ingestion (rapid urine test) - MR contraindications (e.g., pacemakers, metallic or electronic implants, metallic splinters, surgical staples) - Color vision deficiency - Sensorineural hearing loss of 30 dB or greater, - Tinnitus - Presence of claustrophobia - Acute alcohol intoxication at MRI appointments verified by breath alcohol testing or drug intoxication verified by rapid urine testing - For women only: not peri- or postmenopausal, not taking contraceptives (Experiment 1, acute stress question)

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type: Observational

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Neural PIT effect day 1;Neural PIT effect day 2;Behavioral PIT effect on performance day 1;Behavioral PIT effect on velocity day 1;Behavioral PIT effect on velocity day 2;Chronic stress effects on hair cortisol in picogram/milligram;Chronic stress quenstionnaire 1;Chronic stress quenstionnaire 2;Chronic stress quenstionnaire 3;cognitive control Stroop effect;cognitive control Simon effect;cognitive control interference effect;Acute stress day 1;Acute stress day 2

Secondary Outcome Measures