"Eye Protection After Mydriatic Use for ROP Screening: Impact on Vitals Signs and Pain Scores"

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Light Sensitivity

Interventions: Behavioral: eye covers

Registration Number: NCT01860534

Lead Sponsor: The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston

Brief Summary: Pupillary dilation induced by mydriatic agents during Retinopathy of Prematurity exams can persist for hours. Despite regular use of eye protection for mydriatic-induced light sensitivity for infants, children and adults, eye protection after mydriasis has not been addressed in neonates. This study examines the use of eye patches to protect the dilated pupil from light exposure and their impact on vital signs and pain scores. prevents tachycardia, tachypnea and discomfort in neonates after ROP screening.

Detailed Description: Pain management for Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening focuses on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions during the actual eye examination. Management of pain related to increased light sensitivity during the post-mydriasis period has not been described.

This prospective, randomized study evaluated the impact of protecting the eyes from ambient light exposure post mydriasis. Vital signs and pain scales were recorded in infants randomized to either wear or not wear eye patches after mydriasis for their ROP exam. Infants less than 30 weeks gestational age or less than 1500 grams at birth were included. Standard statistical methods were used to compare vital signs and pain scores for each group at baseline, 1 and 3 hours after mydriasis.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 28

Inclusion Criteria

All infants with gestational age at birth of 30 weeks or less or with birth weight less than 1500g undergoing their first ROP exam in the Infant Special Care Unit (ISCU) at UTMB.

Exclusion Criteria

Infants were excluded if they had any congenital malformation or syndrome; a history of eye surgery or were receiving inotropics medications.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Eye patches covers	eye covers	The infants were randomly assigned by alternating enrolled patients between one of two groups prior to their first ROP screening. Group A was patched for their first ROP exam and then unpatched for their second exam while group B was unpatched for their first ROP exam and patched for their second exam. The patched subjects had eye covers after their eyes were dilated, and the unpatched subjects had comfort measures similar to the patched subjects but their eyes were not covered. The patching of the eyes was done in the same way that it is done for eye protection during phototherapy, with the same model of eye patches (Natus biliband) and with the same nursing care.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Heart Rate	pre-mydriasis, 1 hour and 3 hours after mydriatic drops	At 3 times (pre-mydriasis, 1 hour and 3 hours after Cyclomydril drops), subjects were exposed to ambient lighting for a period of five minutes. This usually entailed removing isolette covers and exposing the patient to the ambient room light. During this time, pain and vital signs were recorded every minute. Heart rate was recorded directly from their cardio-respiratory monitor (Agilent M1106C). The mean of the five recorded values for each variable was used

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Respiratory Rate	pre-mydriasis, 1 hour and 3 hours after mydriatic drops	At 3 times (pre-mydriasis, 1 hour and 3 hours after Cyclomydril drops), subjects were exposed to ambient lighting for a period of five minutes. This usually entailed removing isolette covers and exposing the patient to the ambient room light. During this time, pain and vital signs were recorded every minute. Respiratory rate was recorded directly from their cardio-respiratory monitor (Agilent M1106C). The mean of the five recorded values for each variable was used
Oxygen Percent Saturation	pre-mydriasis, 1 hour and 3 hours after mydriatic drops	At 3 times (pre-mydriasis, 1 hour and 3 hours after Cyclomydril drops), subjects were exposed to ambient lighting for a period of five minutes. This usually entailed removing isolette covers and exposing the patient to the ambient room light. During this time, pain and vital signs were recorded every minute. Oxygen percent saturation was recorded directly from their cardio-respiratory monitor (Agilent M1106C). The mean of the five recorded values for each variable was used
Pain	pre-mydriasis, 1 hour and 3 hours after mydriatic drops	At 3 times (pre-mydriasis, 1 hour and 3 hours after Cyclomydril drops), subjects were exposed to ambient lighting for a period of five minutes. This usually entailed removing isolette covers and exposing the patient to the ambient room light. During this time, pain and vital signs were recorded every minute. Pain scores were recorded by direct observation using the Neonatal and Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). The mean of the five recorded values for each variable was used. NIPS scoring consists of 6 measures associated with neonatal or infant pain, each with a range of 0-7 with low scores (0-2) associated with no pain and scores \> to 4 associated with severe pain. Maximum scoring would be 42 for severe pain and minimal being 0 for no pain. The six measures on NIPS include: facial expression, crying, breathing patterns, arm movements, leg movements and state of arousal.