Mapping the Human HIV Chronobiome

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Cohort 1: Diagnosis of HIV infection with CD4+ counts <500 cells/mm3 while untreated;
Cohort 2: Diagnosis of HIV infection with CD4+ counts <300 cells/mm3 on ARV;
Cohort 3: Volunteers must be in good health as based on medical history, physical examination, vital signs, and laboratory tests as deemed by PI;
Volunteers are capable of giving informed consent;
25-50 years of age;
Own a smartphone which installs the remote sensing applications;
Non-smoking;
Male subjects only if feasible during recruitment; and
In case female volunteers are invited to enroll: non-pregnant, female subjects must consent to a urine pregnancy test.
Females of child bearing potential will be asked to use a medically accepted method of birth control (such as oral contraceptives, intra-uterine device (IUD), or condom with spermicide) while you participate in the study.
The use of contraception will NOT be required for male participants.

Exclusion Criteria

Recent travel across more than two (2) time zones (within the past month);
Planned travel across more than two (2) time zones during the planned study activities;
Volunteers with irregular work hours, e.g. night shifts or becoming a parent;
Use of illicit drugs;
High dose vitamins (Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Beta Carotene, Folic Acid and Selenium), alcohol and any over-the counter NSAID in the (2) two weeks before the start of the 48 hour deep phenotyping period (Females who are taking birth control pills can continue so for the duration of this study).;
History of abdominal surgery;
Subjects, who have received an experimental drug, used an experimental medical device within 30 days prior to screening, or who gave a blood donation of ≥ one pint within 8 weeks prior to screening;
Subjects with any abnormal laboratory value or physical finding that according to the investigator may interfere with interpretation of the study results, be indicative of an underlying disease state, or compromise the safety of a potential subject.
Women who are breastfeeding.

Study & Design

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Cohort 1	Observational	Patients infected with HIV off antiretroviral therapy
Cohort 3	Observational	Matched healthy volunteers
Cohort 2	Observational	Patients infected with HIV experiencing virologic control, but with blunted immunologic recovery

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Time-of-day fluctuations in core clock gene expression	48 hours	Relative expression normalized to housekeeping genes (GAPDH, ACTB) plotted by time of day (morning, afternoon, evening, night with target times of 08:00, 14:00, 20:00, 02:00 +/- 1 hour)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Variance explained [R^2 values]	up to 4 months	To evaluate the linear relationships between every pairwise combination of variables in the integrated dataset, the R\^2, or coefficient of determination, will be calculated for each pair using linear regression. A heat map of the proportion of variance in each variable (e.g. mobility, light exposure, systolic blood pressure) explained by each other variable will then be constructed to allow an integrative exploration of these data. This approach allows to integrate multiple measurements with different units of measure. The measurements include communication (number of phone calls and text messages), mobility (miles traveled), light exposure, and sleep/wake times.

Recruitment & Eligibility