The Role of Salivary Alpha Amylase in Sepsis

Critical illness may be induced by different underlying life-threatening diseases, such as infection, sepsis, trauma, respiratory insufficiency or hypoxia and severe neurological status. The associated endocrine, nervous, metabolic and immunological changes are defined as acute stress syndrome.

Although sepsis is one of the oldest syndromes in medicine, it is a challenging healthcare problem even nowadays. In spite of the era of modern an¬tibiotics and intensive therapy sepsis is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality.

Based on the novel results and advances of pathobiology, management and epidemiology of sepsis, the definitions of the syndrome have been changed recently. Sepsis-3 consensus de¬fines sepsis as a life-threatening organ dysfunc¬tion caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.

The diagnosis of sepsis is most often not easy especially in newborns or in patients whose im¬mune response is not adequate. Therefore, it is of most importance to introduce diagnostic biomarkers which can predict or verify systemic inflammation as early as possible. These tests should also be applicable for monitoring of the disease progression and efficacy of therapy as well.

Salivary alpha-amylase is secreted from the salivary glands mainly in response to beta-adrenergic stimuli.