The Effect of Exercise Intervention on Posture, Trunk Flexibility and Spine Function in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Participants will be randomly allocated to a control group or an exercise group and will perform 50 minutes of exercise twice a week, including stretching, core exercises, gross motor movements and balance exercises for 5 weeks. Each group will be assessed for posture, trunk range of motion, spine function, pain, balance, gait and quality of life before and after the intervention.

Posture evaluation was performed by measuring the angles of Flexion and Side-bending, by placing marks on the Spinal process of 7th cervical spine and the Spinal process of 5th lumbar spine, and by taking images of the Sagittal plane and Frontal plane. A digital flat-panel camera was used to take images in the sagittal plane and the coronal plane, and the angle between the line connecting the seventh cervical process of the spine and the fifth lumbar process of the lumbar spine and the vertical line was measured on the images; the angle in the coronal plane was defined as the anterior tilt angle, and that in the coronal plane was defined as the lateral bending angle.

Trunk flexion range of motion is measured using a goniometer and a tape measure in the following manner: Trunk flexion range of motion is measured with the trunk flexed anteriorly: the starting position of the case is standing in an upright position, and the tape measure is fixed to the seventh cervical vertebrae and the first vertebrae on the spinous processes, then the case is asked to relax the trunk forward to the end of the flexion without anteriorly tilting the pelvis. The difference between the tape measure in forward bending and upright position was taken as the value of trunk anterior tilt mobility. Trunk extension range of motion: The starting position of the case was standing in an upright position, and a tape measure was fixed on the spinous processes of the seventh cervical vertebrae and the first vertebrae of the recommended vertebrae. After the case was asked to relax the trunk with both hands and bend the trunk back to the bottom without tilting the pelvis posteriorly, and the difference between the posterior bending and the tape measure in the upright position was used as a value of the trunk extension range of motion. Trunk side-bending range of motion: The starting position of the case was standing upright, the center of the joint goniometer was aligned with the spinal process of the first segment of the recommended vertebrae of the case, one side of the goniometer was perpendicular to the floor, and the other side was aligned with the seventh segment of the cervical vertebrae of the case, the case was asked to make a left/right side-bending motion, and the angle between the left/right side-bending and the upright position was subtracted as the value of trunk side-bending range of motion. The angle between the left/right lateral bend and the upright position was subtracted to obtain the value of trunk lateral bending activity. Trunk rotation range of motion: With the case in a seated but not reclined position, the center of the joint goniometer was aligned with the center of the case's head, with one side of the goniometer parallel to the line of the iliac crest of the pelvis, and the other side parallel to the line of the shoulder crests on both sides. One side of the goniometer was parallel to the line of the iliac crest of the pelvis and the other side was parallel to the line of the shoulder crests on both sides of the body. The case was asked to perform a left/right rotation, and the angle between the left/right rotation and the seated position was subtracted to obtain a value for the degree of torso rotation.

Spinal function is assessed by evaluating the functional activities related to the spine, including Functional axial rotation and Supine to and from standing. The Functional Axial Rotation Test is performed by asking the patient to use a Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device in a sitting position to measure the angle of rotation of the case when viewed from the left/right side. The lying to standing test is performed by asking the patient to use a Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device to measure the angle of rotation of the case when viewed from the right/left side. The Lying to Standing Test measures the time taken by the case to move from standing to lying and lying to standing.

Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale , VAS, which asks the patient about the degree of low back pain.