Respiratory Exercises Versus Manual Therapy and Respiratory Exercises in Moderate Smokers

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Exercise Therapy; Inspiratory Capacity; Manual Therapies; Respiratory Muscle Training
• Interventions: Other: IMT + Manual Therapy and Motor Control Exercise; Other: Inspiratory Muscle training

• Registration Number: NCT02514161
• Lead Sponsor: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid

Brief Summary

The aim of this study is to assess if an intervention of manual therapy and motor control exercises combined with an inspiratory muscle training program is more effective than an inspiratory muscle training program alone in increasing the maximum inspiratory pressure in moderate smokers. In addition, the study pretends to evaluate the changes caused by the intervention regarding possible postural changes and thoracic diameter.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2015-06
• Status Verified: 2015-07
• Study First Submitted: 2015-07-29
• Study First Submitted QC: 2015-07-30
• Study First Posted: 2015-08-03
• Primary Completion: 2015-09
• Study Completion: 2015-11
• Last Update Submitted: 2015-11-30
• Last Update Posted: 2015-12-02

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 53

Inclusion Criteria

• Healthy subjects aged between 18 and 60 years and a current smoking rate ≥ 5 points.

Exclusion Criteria

• Were excluded participants who presented diagnosis of cardiorespiratory disease, systemic or metabolic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or cancer, history of thoracic surgery, vertebral fracture, spinal structured musculoskeletal disorders and thoracic region and contraindication to the treatment techniques used (osteoporosis).

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
IMT + Manual Therapy and Motor Control Exercises	IMT + Manual Therapy and Motor Control Exercise	The protocol for this group is identical to the previous group with the sole difference that is added a manual therapy (MT) and a motor control exercises (MCE). The MT protocol was performed for 15min, whereas the MCE was 10min. Below it described both protocols: 1. - MT: * Upper cervical region mobilization in flexion * Lower cervical postero-anterior mobilization + maintained traction * Costovertebral joint postero-anterior mobilization * Thoracic vertebral posteroanterior mobilization * Thrust dorsal 2. - MCE: * Isometric contraction of the deep neck flexors. * Isometric contraction of the neck extensors. * Neural self-mobilization. * Cervical retraction with theraband. * Sphinx. * Scapular adduction exercises in prone. * Scapular adduction exercises in sitting position with theraband.
Inspiratory Muscle Training Group (IMT)	Inspiratory Muscle training	The IMT program consisted of supervised and domiciliary exercises. 1. - The supervised exercises was performed in the presence of physiotherapist. This consisted of 30 min 2 days for 4 weeks using the threshold device (Powerbreathe classic level 1, Gaiam Ltd; Southam, Warwickshire, UK). This program involve 5 sets of 5 repetitions with 30 seconds rest between each one. The load of the training was distributed as follow: * First week: 30% Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) * Second week: 40% MIP * Third week: 50% MIP * Fourth week: 60% MIP 2. - The domiciliary exercises consisted of Yoga Breathing Exercises (Pranayama) that combines the inspiration and expiration through one or both nostrils, and requires the activation of chest and abdomen

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Maximum Inspiratory Pressure	Change from Baseline in Maximum Inspiratory Pressure at 4 weeks	The maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) was measured with a device called Kinetic KH1 Powerbreath (HAB International Ltd., England, UK). This device applies an inspiratory load which provides a resistance. The maneuver was performed in a sitting position. Measuring a minimum of 3 times was performed, recording the highest value.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Head posture	Change from Baseline in Head Posture at 4 weeks	The head posture was measured through the Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device. This instrument measures physiological movements of the cervical spine and head position. It´s a reliable method of measuring, providing a range of intra-meter reliability from 0.7 to 0.9 and a range of inter-meter reliability from 0.8 to 0.87. The evaluator instructed the patient to sit in a standardized position and assume a natural position of the head and the goniometer was placed over his head to measure the head posture.
Thoracic kyphosis	Change from Baseline in Thoracic kyphosis at 4 weeks	The measurement of the thoracic kyphosis was performed through flexicurve. It is a flexible rule that is molded to the back of the subject in order to replicate the shape of the spine. The flexicurve is a valid and reliable tool. The spinous processes of C7 and T12 were located, subsequently it placed on paper 10x10 to draw the curve and to obtained the index flexicurve.
Volumes and lung capacities	Change from Baseline in Volumes and lung capacities at 4 weeks	The investigators used a simple Spirometry. The Spirometry was performed according to American Thoracic Society criteria with a portable Spirometer model spirobank usb (MIR Rome, Italy). The measures assessed in this outcome were: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume at the First second (FEV1), and Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF). The maneuver was performed 3 times and recording the best one

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle; 🇪🇸 Madrid, Spain