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rTMS Plus CCFES-mediated Functional Task Practice for Severe Stroke

Not Applicable
Recruiting
Conditions
Stroke
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Hemiparesis
Hemiplegia
Interventions
Device: Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation
Device: Conventional rTMS approach
Device: Sham rTMS approach
Device: New rTMS approach
Registration Number
NCT03870672
Lead Sponsor
The Cleveland Clinic
Brief Summary

This study is a necessary and important step in the development of a new therapy for upper limb functional recovery in patients with severe motor impairment. It is the first clinical trial of non-invasive brain stimulation (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS) delivered to excite the undamaged hemisphere (specifically the contralesional higher motor cortices or cHMC) in stroke. Therefore, this study will determine whether the positive results obtained in our short-term pilot study can be made to last longer and produce functional benefits in severe patients with the application of brain stimulation in combination with long-term rehabilitation therapy. Rehabilitation therapy administered is called contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES). Determining whether combining rTMS facilitating the cHMC with CCFES produces synergistic gains in functional abilities in severe patients is necessary for acceptance by the clinical community and to move this technology toward commercialization and widespread dissemination. The proposed study will determine whether the combination of rTMS facilitating the cHMC with CCFES produces greater improvements in upper extremity function in severe participants who are ≥6 months from stroke onset than the combination of rTMS facilitating the damaged hemisphere (specifically the ipsilesional primary motor cortex, iM1) and CCFES or the combination of sham rTMS and CCFES. The secondary purposes are to define which patients benefit most from the treatments, which may inform future device and treatment development and clinical translation, and to explore what distinct effects the three treatments have on the brain. To accomplish these purposes, we are conducting a clinical trial that enrolls severe stroke patients.

Detailed Description

Overall Study Design Summary: We propose a 5-yr RCT in which 72 stroke patients who are \>6 months post-stroke are randomized to 12 wks of one of 3 treatments: (1) CCFES + cHMC facilitation, (2) CCFES + iM1 facilitation, (3) CCFES + Sham rTMS. The treatment dose will be the same for all groups: 10 sessions per week (7.5 hrs) of self-administered CCFES-assisted hand opening exercises performed at home plus 2 sessions per week (2.5 hrs) consisting of group-specific rTMS and CCFES-mediated functional task practice performed in the laboratory. Upper limb impairment, activity limitation, and patient-reported disability will be assessed at 0 (baseline), 6, 12 (end of treatment), 24, and 36 wks. Neurophysiology (IHI and excitability of uncrossed output) will be assessed at 0 (baseline), 12 (end of treatment), and 36 wks, on a separate day from functional motor outcomes assessment. MRI assessment of stroke lesion and location, and DTI assessment of corticospinal damage will be performed at baseline.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
RECRUITING
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
72
Inclusion Criteria
  • age 18 to 90 years old at time of randomization
  • greater than 6 months since a first clinical cortical or subcortical, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
  • severe upper limb hemiparesis defined as less than 10° active wrist extension or less than 10° active thumb abduction/extension or less than 10° active extension in at least two additional digits (i.e., will not meet minimum CIMT criteria)
  • ability to follow 3-stage commands and can remember 2 items from a list of 3 items after 3 minutes
  • adequate active movement of shoulder and elbow to position the paretic hand on one's lap for performance of functional task practice and CCFES-assisted hand opening exercises
  • skin intact on hemiparetic arm
  • surface electrical stimulation of the paretic finger and thumb extensors produces functional hand opening without pain
  • able to hear and respond to cues from stimulator
  • completed occupational therapy at least 2 months prior to enrollment (no concomitant OT)
  • full volitional hand opening/closing of the non-paretic hand
  • ability to follow instructions for putting on and operating the CCFES stimulator or a caregiver available to provide assistance
Exclusion Criteria
  • metal implant in the head
  • history of seizures as an adult
  • history of alcohol or substance abuse less than 10yrs prior to enrollment
  • intake of anticonvulsants or anti-depressants contraindicated with TMS
  • cardiac pacemaker or other programmable implant

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
CCFES + rTMS facilitating cHMCContralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical StimulationThis rTMS paradigm is the "New Approach". Facilitation of the intact hemisphere target (cHMC) will be achieved using 5Hz rTMS. After rTMS, the participant will participate in one hour of CCFES-mediated functional task practice. The therapist will instruct and guide the participants in practicing functional tasks with their paretic hand with the assistance of CCFES. Tasks will involve using the paretic hand to pick up, manipulate, and release objects commonly used in daily life. Early sessions will focus on simpler tasks, such as practicing opening the hand adequately to acquire an object.
CCFES + rTMS facilitating iM1Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical StimulationThis rTMS paradigm is the "Conventional Approach".Facilitation of M1 will be achieved using 5Hz rTMS. After rTMS, the participant will participate in one hour of CCFES-mediated functional task practice. The therapist will instruct and guide the participants in practicing functional tasks with their paretic hand with the assistance of CCFES. Tasks will involve using the paretic hand to pick up, manipulate, and release objects commonly used in daily life. Early sessions will focus on simpler tasks, such as practicing opening the hand adequately to acquire an object.
CCFES + rTMS facilitating iM1Conventional rTMS approachThis rTMS paradigm is the "Conventional Approach".Facilitation of M1 will be achieved using 5Hz rTMS. After rTMS, the participant will participate in one hour of CCFES-mediated functional task practice. The therapist will instruct and guide the participants in practicing functional tasks with their paretic hand with the assistance of CCFES. Tasks will involve using the paretic hand to pick up, manipulate, and release objects commonly used in daily life. Early sessions will focus on simpler tasks, such as practicing opening the hand adequately to acquire an object.
CCFES + Sham rTMSSham rTMS approachThis rTMS paradigm is the "Sham Approach". Immediately after sham rTMS, the participant will participate in one hour of CCFES-mediated functional task practice. The therapist will instruct and guide the participants in practicing functional tasks with their paretic hand with the assistance of CCFES. Tasks will involve using the paretic hand to pick up, manipulate, and release objects commonly used in daily life. Early sessions will focus on simpler tasks, such as practicing opening the hand adequately to acquire an object.
CCFES + rTMS facilitating cHMCNew rTMS approachThis rTMS paradigm is the "New Approach". Facilitation of the intact hemisphere target (cHMC) will be achieved using 5Hz rTMS. After rTMS, the participant will participate in one hour of CCFES-mediated functional task practice. The therapist will instruct and guide the participants in practicing functional tasks with their paretic hand with the assistance of CCFES. Tasks will involve using the paretic hand to pick up, manipulate, and release objects commonly used in daily life. Early sessions will focus on simpler tasks, such as practicing opening the hand adequately to acquire an object.
CCFES + Sham rTMSContralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical StimulationThis rTMS paradigm is the "Sham Approach". Immediately after sham rTMS, the participant will participate in one hour of CCFES-mediated functional task practice. The therapist will instruct and guide the participants in practicing functional tasks with their paretic hand with the assistance of CCFES. Tasks will involve using the paretic hand to pick up, manipulate, and release objects commonly used in daily life. Early sessions will focus on simpler tasks, such as practicing opening the hand adequately to acquire an object.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change in Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer (UEFM)Change in UEFM will be assessed at at 6 weeks, 12 weeks (end of treatment), 24 weeks, and 36 weeks.

The UEFM is a reliable and valid measure of post-stroke upper limb motor impairment. The UEFM items take into account synergy patterns, isolated strength, coordination, and hypertonia. Volitional movement of the upper limb (shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand) is examined in and out of synergies. Each item is graded on a 3-point ordinal scale (0, cannot perform; 1, perform partially; and 2, perform fully) and summed to provide a maximum score of 66. The UEFM is classified as a body structure/function impairment measure on the ICF domain.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Lerner Research Institute; Cleveland Clinic Foundation

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Cleveland, Ohio, United States

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