Effects of Different Types of Exercise Interventions in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes - Aerobic Endurance Training Versus Strength Endurance Training Versus Combined Aerobic Endurance and Strength Endurance Training -
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Sponsor
- University of Giessen
- Enrollment
- 100
- Locations
- 2
- Primary Endpoint
- Change in HbA1c-level (haemoglobin A1c)
Overview
Brief Summary
The purposes of the study are
- to determine which kind of supervised exercise intervention (aerobic endurance training versus strength endurance training versus combined aerobic endurance and strength endurance training) is more effective in improving the metabolic parameters in typ 2 diabetes patients
- to investigate what kind of intervention is more successful in reduction of concomitant diseases and improving quality of life
- to assess what kind of intervention induces highest effects in long term persistence of these positive changes
Detailed Description
Meta-analyses which evaluated the effects of structured exercise programs in patients with type 2 diabetes demonstrate that regular physical activity improves glycosylated haemoglobin (König et al.: Resistance Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin Jahrgang 62, Nr. 1 (2011): 5-9). Sigal et al. proved that either aerobic or resistance training alone improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, but the improvements are greatest with combined aerobic and resistance training (Sigal, RJ, et al.: Effects of Aerobic Training, Resistance Training, or Both on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes, Ann Intern Med. 2007 Sep 18;147(6):357-69).
Therefore, aim of the current study is to compare the effects of aerobic endurance training or resistance endurance training or the combination of aerobic endurance training and resistance endurance training in diabetes type 2 patients without any other lifestyle or dietary interventions.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Single (Investigator)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •diagnoses of type 2 diabetes (ADA criteria)
- •admitted diabetes treatments will be diet and oral hypoglycemic agents
Exclusion Criteria
- •sports intervention \>60 minutes per week
- •medical conditions
- •preproliferative or proliferative retinopathy
- •instable coronary heart disease
- •inability to perform the scheduled physical activity programs
- •acute clinically significant intercurrent diseases
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Change in HbA1c-level (haemoglobin A1c)
Time Frame: 6 months
Secondary Outcomes
- Change in HOMA-Index(3 and 6 months)
- Change in beta-cell-function(3 and 6 months)
- Change in fasting plasma glucose levels(3 and 6 months)
- Change in total cholesterol levels(3 and 6 months)
- Change in HDL-cholesterol levels(3 and 6 months)
- Change in LDL-cholesterol levels(3 and 6 months)
- Change in triglyceride levels(3 and 6 months)
- Change in antidiabetic medications(3 and 6 months)
- Change in inflammation markers(3 and 6 months)
- Change in body weight(3 and 6 months)
- Change in body composition(3 and 6 months)
- Change in strength(3 and 6 months)
- Change of maximum heart rate(3 and 6 months)
- Change of peak oxygen uptake(3 and 6 months)
- Change of vAT (ventilatory anaerobic threshold)(3 and 6 months)
- Change in blood pressure(3 and 6 months)
- Change in renal function(3 and 6 months)
- Change in concentration(3 and 6 months)
- Change in quality of life(3 and 6 months)
- Change of nutrition(3 and 6 months)
- Change in voluntary physical activity(3 and 6 months)
- Change of cardiac output by Impedance cardiography(3 and 6 months)
- Change of barorezeptorsensitivity(3 and 6 months)
- Change in carotid-Intima-Media-Thickness(3 and 6 months)
- Change in aortic pulse-wave velocity(3 and 6 months)
- Change in central aortic pressure(3 and 6 month)
- Change in endothelial dysfunction(3 and 6 months)
- Change of parodontitis(3 and 6 months)
- Follow up of all parameters mentioned above(after 12 months)